This paper describes a software platform used for the testing of phasor measurement unit (PMU) algorithms. The platform is implemented in MATLAB and consists of two parts. The first one permits the insertion of the simulation parameters, whereas the second one is the actual simulator for the algorithms. This second program contains a waveform generator including modulation and filtering. It also permits the comparison between the results of the PMU algorithm against those of an “ideal PMU” obtained by the parameters of the theoretical signal set. The platform has been functionally tested and used with a set of PMU algorithms. The platform is being used as a shared tool to quantify the uncertainties of the estimation algorithms developed in the framework of the European Metrological Research Project “Smart Grids.”

Software Platform for PMU Algorithm Testing

This paper describes mathematical modeling of cage-type ac current shunts. A calculable model was developed using lumped circuit elements. The transimpedance, ac–dc difference, and the phase angle error of a shunt can be derived from the model. An uncertainty analysis of the model was done by means of Monte Carlo methods. Comparison of the calculated and measured values shows an agreement better than 6 $\mu\Omega/\Omega$ in the ac–dc difference and 110 $\mu{\rm rad}$ in the phase angle error at frequencies up to 100 kHz.

On the Current Shunts Modeling

Interlaboratory comparisons and proficiency testing are receiving increasing attention by electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test and calibration laboratories due to the need for accreditation according to ISO/IEC 17025. In EMC, the proficiency testing offer is restricted to a few test standards, mostly emission. In order to increase this offer, we recently developed a novel equipment that enables the assessment of the test capabilities of laboratories for IEC 61000-4-5 (surge immunity). This article presents an overview of this reference equipment and its capabilities, as well as the interlaboratory comparison recently realized in Switzerland.

Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Proficiency Testing in EMC Conducted Immunity

This paper describes a new generation of cage-type ac/dc current shunts from 30 mA up to 10 A developed using a lumped circuit element model. Comparison of the calculated and measured values shows agreement better than 6 ppm in the ac-dc difference at frequencies up to 100 kHz.

/pdf/new-generation-of-cage-type-current-shunts-developed-using-2ib2l2voev.pdf

New generation of cage-type current shunts developed using model analysis

Metrology dedicated to electricity and magnetism has changed considerably in recent years. It encompasses almost all modern scientific, industrial, and societal challenges, e.g. the revision of the International System of Units, the profound transformation of industry, changes in energy use and generation, health, and environment, as well as nanotechnologies (including graphene and 2D materials) and quantum engineering. Over the same period, driven by the globalization of worldwide trade, the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (referred to as the CIPM MRA) was set up. As a result, the regional metrology organizations (RMOs) of national metrology institutes have grown in significance. EURAMET is the European RMO and has been very prominent in developing a strategic research agenda (SRA) and has established a comprehensive research programme. This paper reviews the highlights of EURAMET in electrical metrology within the European Metrology Research Programme and its main contributions to the CIPM MRA. In 2012 EURAMET undertook an extensive roadmapping exercise for proposed activities for the next decade which will also be discussed in this paper. This work has resulted in a new SRA of the second largest European funding programme: European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1681-7575/aa7cae/pdf

Metrology in electricity and magnetism: EURAMET activities today and tomorrow

The line impedance stabilization network (LISN) is mostly used in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for conducted and radiated radio frequency emission and susceptibility tests. The input impedance is one of the most important parameters in LISN calibration. To measure the input impedance, an adapter is required to connect the vector network analyzer to the equipment under test port of the LISN. For EMC test laboratories, it is of best interest to perform this calibration with high accuracy. Until now, the impact of the adapter used has not been clearly demonstrated theoretically. This paper explains the magnitude and phase impedance errors caused by the adapter. Theoretical and practical methods for the elimination of generated error are given. We present the design of two sets of adapters and their associated modeling, a method for removing their impact from the measurement, the theoretical error on magnitude and phase input impedance, and the uncertainties related to the impedance measurement.

Improvement of LISN Measurement Accuracy Based on Calculable Adapters

This paper describes development and evaluation of a new coaxial current shunt for the nominal current of 100 A. The current shunt has been developed for both ac–dc transfer difference measurement and direct measurement of ac current. The direct ac measurement method was proposed by the Slovenian Institute of Quality and Metrology in 2002 and has now been expanded up to 100 A with the shunt described here. The forced air cooling system was implemented and evaluated to improve the shunt characteristics while keeping the current shunt resistors well within the safe operating range.

Evaluation of a 100 A Current Shunt for the Direct Measurement of AC Current

Last year, a new round robin test device was proposed for inter-laboratory comparisons in conducted immunity testing according to IEC 61000-4-6[1]. The device has recently been successfully evaluated among all EMRP Project partners. The device is able to confirm or to deny the testing capability of a laboratory by recording a full set of parameters. The device is now ready for deployment as the first commercial proficiency testing device for conducted immunity.

Proficiency testing for conducted immunity with a new round robin test device

The paper describes new coaxial current shunts for nominal current 50 A and 100 A. The current shunts has been developed and produced in SIQ.

New design of coaxial current shunts for 50 A and 100 A

This article describes the implementation of a high accuracy signal parameter estimation algorithm for estimating signal parameters of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). The algorithm presented is compared with standard four parameter sine fit algorithm, showing improved performance for harmonically distorted signals, which are commonly present in power line signals.

Miha Kokalj

Papers

Improvement of LISN Measurement Accuracy Based on Calculable Adapters

Evaluation of a 100 A Current Shunt for the Direct Measurement of AC Current

Proficiency testing for conducted immunity with a new round robin test device

New design of coaxial current shunts for 50 A and 100 A

High accuracy signal parameter estimation algorithm for calibration of PMU devices