J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Secret History: Return of the Black Death Channel 4, 7-8pm In 1348 the Black Death swept through London, killing people within days of the appearance of their first symptoms. Exactly how many died, and why, has long been a mystery. This Secret History documentary follows experts as they pick through the evidence and reveal why the plague killed on such a scale. And they ask, what might be coming next?

Medscape

Selection of suitable heat transfer fluid for heat dissipation is an important consideration in the design of heat exchanging systems. Nanofluid, a colloidal mixture made of a base fluid and a nanoparticle, is a new generation of heat transfer fluids becoming a high potential fluid in heat transfer applications due to enhanced thermal conductivity. Research studies about nanofluids are on the rise owing to the mounting interest and demand for nanofluids as heat transfer fluids in a wide variety of applications. Recently, nanofluid technology has a new dimension of impregnating two or more nanoparticles in base fluids, namely hybrid or composite nanofluids. This paper reviews the preparation of metal and metal oxides nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids and the various techniques used to study the physical and chemical characteristics of nanofluids. Thermo-physical and heat transfer properties of nanofluids including the improved thermal conductivity, viscosity and specific heat models for nanofluids are presented. Finally, various application areas of nanofluids, such as transportation, electronic cooling, energy storage, mechanical applications etc. are discussed.

A review on preparation, characterization, properties and applications of nanofluids

Kidney stone disease is a crystal concretion formed usually within the kidneys It is an increasing urological disorder of human health, affecting about 12% of the world population It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure The etiology of kidney stone is multifactorial The most common type of kidney stone is calcium oxalate formed at Randall's plaque on the renal papillary surfaces The mechanism of stone formation is a complex process which results from several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention of urinary stone constituents within tubular cells These steps are modulated by an imbalance between factors that promote or inhibit urinary crystallization It is also noted that cellular injury promotes retention of particles on renal papillary surfaces The exposure of renal epithelial cells to oxalate causes a signaling cascade which leads to apoptosis by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways Currently, there is no satisfactory drug to cure and/or prevent kidney stone recurrences Thus, further understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney stone formation is a research area to manage urolithiasis using new drugs Therefore, this review has intended to provide a compiled up-to-date information on kidney stone etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention approaches

/pdf/kidney-stone-disease-an-update-on-current-concepts-4c4l08286h.pdf

Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts

The contribution of various bacterial surface functional groups to adhesion at hematite and ZnSe surfaces was examined using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. When live Shewanella oneidensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis cells were introduced to a horizontal hematite (α-Fe2O3)-coated internal reflection element (IRE), FTIR peaks emerged corresponding to bacterial phosphate group binding. These IR peaks were not observed when bacteria were introduced to the uncoated ZnSe IRE. When cells were added to colloidal suspensions of α-Fe2O3 at pH 7, spectra included peaks corresponding to P−OFe and ν(COOH), the latter being attributed to bridging of carboxylate at mineral surface OH groups. Selected model organic compounds with P-containing functionalities (phenylphosphonic acid [PPA], adenosine 5‘-monophosphate [AMP], 2‘-deoxyadenyl(3‘→5‘)-2‘-deoxyadenosine [DADA], and deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA]) produce spectra with similar peaks corresponding to...

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy reveals bond formation during bacterial adhesion to iron oxide.

Dielectric relaxation, complex impedance and modulus spectroscopic studies of mix phase rod like cobalt sulfide nanoparticles

Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD or DCPD) is found quite frequently in urinary calculi (stones). The CHPD crystals were grown by the single diffusion gel growth technique in sodium metasilicate gel. The crystals were found to be having platelet and broad needle type morphologies. The crystals were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The thermal properties were studied by employing the thermogravimetric analysis. Various kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for dehydration were estimated. The selected platelet was studied by SEM for the growth morphologies indicating that the crystals grew in the form of leaflets having prominent (010) faces. This was in agreement with earlier reported studies. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

FTIR spectroscopic, thermal and growth morphological studies of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate crystals

In vitro crystallization, characterization and growth-inhibition study of urinary type struvite crystals

Herbal extracts of Tribulus terrestris and Bergenia ligulata inhibit growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals in vitro

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is a well known nonlinear optical (NLO) material with different applications. Since most of the amino acids exhibit NLO property, it is of interest to dope them in KDP. In the present study, amino acid L-arginine was doped in KDP. The doping of L-arginine was confirmed by FT-IR and paper chromatography. Thermogravimetry suggested that as the amount of doping increases the thermal stability decreases as well as the value of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters decreases. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of L-arginine doped KDP crystals was found to be increasing with doping concentration of L-arginine. The results are discussed here.

/pdf/thermal-ft-ir-and-shg-efficiency-studies-of-l-arginine-doped-49hc3vud2a.pdf

Mihir J. Joshi

Papers

Dielectric relaxation, complex impedance and modulus spectroscopic studies of mix phase rod like cobalt sulfide nanoparticles

FTIR spectroscopic, thermal and growth morphological studies of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate crystals

In vitro crystallization, characterization and growth-inhibition study of urinary type struvite crystals

Herbal extracts of Tribulus terrestris and Bergenia ligulata inhibit growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals in vitro

Thermal, FT-IR and SHG efficiency studies of L-arginine doped KDP crystals