Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd the perception of the visual world to read.

The Perception of the Visual World. By James J. Gibson. U.S.A.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950 (George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London). Price 35s.

The Visual Display of Quantitative Information

An endoscopic microinstrument (100) may include a substantially rigid body (102) having first (101) and second ends (103), a channel (109) between the first and second ends; a substantially rigid end portion (106) movably coupled to the body and having first and second ends; a tool (108) located at the first end of the end portion and including first and second anvils (124); first and second handles (112, 116) coupled to the body, at least one of the handles further coupled to the tool and configured to control actuation of at least one of the first and second anvils; a camera (110) coupled to, and situated to a side of, the substantially rigid end portion, the camera configured to obtain images of a region-of-interest; and an end portion controller (120) coupled to the body and configured angulate and/or rotate the substantially rigid end portion relative to the substantially rigid body.

Endoscope system and method of operation thereof

https://shura.shu.ac.uk/7180/1/Rodriggues_%2D_optical_techniques_%2D_Review_MIA_revision_v9.pdf

Optical techniques for 3D surface reconstruction in computer-assisted laparoscopic surgery.

What is Mixed Reality (MR)? To revisit this question given the many recent developments, we conducted interviews with ten AR/VR experts from academia and industry, as well as a literature survey of 68 papers. We find that, while there are prominent examples, there is no universally agreed on, one-size-fits-all definition of MR. Rather, we identified six partially competing notions from the literature and experts' responses. We then started to isolate the different aspects of reality relevant for MR experiences, going beyond the primarily visual notions and extending to audio, motion, haptics, taste, and smell. We distill our findings into a conceptual framework with seven dimensions to characterize MR applications in terms of the number of environments, number of users, level of immersion, level of virtuality, degree of interaction, input, and output. Our goal with this paper is to support classification and discussion of MR applications' design and provide a better means to researchers to contextualize their work within the increasingly fragmented MR landscape.

What is Mixed Reality

Head and eye movement can be leveraged to improve the user's interaction repertoire for wearable displays. Head movements are deliberate and accurate, and provide the current state-of-the-art pointing technique. Eye gaze can potentially be faster and more ergonomic, but suffers from low accuracy due to calibration errors and drift of wearable eye-tracking sensors. This work investigates precise, multimodal selection techniques using head motion and eye gaze. A comparison of speed and pointing accuracy reveals the relative merits of each method, including the achievable target size for robust selection. We demonstrate and discuss example applications for augmented reality, including compact menus with deep structure, and a proof-of-concept method for on-line correction of calibration drift.

Pinpointing: Precise Head- and Eye-Based Target Selection for Augmented Reality

We present a method to evaluate stereo camera depth accuracy in human centered applications. It enables the comparison
between stereo camera depth resolution and human depth resolution. Our method uses a multilevel test target which can
be easily assembled and used in various studies. Binocular disparity enables humans to perceive relative depths
accurately, making a multilevel test target applicable for evaluating the stereo camera depth accuracy when the accuracy
requirements come from stereoscopic vision.
The method for measuring stereo camera depth accuracy was validated with a stereo camera built of two SLRs (singlelens
reflex). The depth resolution of the SLRs was better than normal stereo acuity at all measured distances ranging
from 0.7 m to 5.8 m. The method was used to evaluate the accuracy of a lower quality stereo camera. Two parameters,
focal length and baseline, were varied. Focal length had a larger effect on stereo camera's depth accuracy than baseline.
The tests showed that normal stereo acuity was achieved only using a tele lens.
However, a user's depth resolution in a video see-through system differs from direct naked eye viewing. The same test
target was used to evaluate this by mixing the levels of the test target randomly and asking users to sort the levels
according to their depth. The comparison between stereo camera depth resolution and perceived depth resolution was
done by calculating maximum erroneous classification of levels.

Method for measuring stereo camera depth accuracy based on stereoscopic vision

Depth perception is an important component of many augmented reality applications. It is, however, subject to multiple error sources. In this study, we investigated depth judgments with a stereoscopic video see-through head-mounted display for the purpose of designing depth cueing for systems that operate in an individual's action space. In the experiment, we studied the use of binocular disparity and relative size to improve relative depth judgments of augmented objects above the ground plane. The relative size cue was created by adding auxiliary augmentations to the scene according to constraints described in the section on the underlying theory. The results showed that binocular disparity and relative size improved depth judgments over the distance range. This indicates that for accurate depth judgments, additional depth cues should be used to facilitate stereo- scopic perception within an individual's action space. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. (DOI: 10.1117/1.JEI.23.1.011006)

https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/journal-of-electronic-imaging/volume-23/issue-1/011006/Stereoscopic-depth-perception-in-video-see-through-augmented-reality-within/10.1117/1.JEI.23.1.011006.pdf

Stereoscopic depth perception in video see-through augmented reality within action space

As location-based digital cultural heritage applications are beginning to be applied outside ‘traditional’ cultural heritage sites, there is an increased need to consider their use amongst people who may be interested in the cultural heritage of a site, but have that interest as a tangential, opportunistic, aspect of their visit. We outline why this is important, and present issues in evaluating it. We then introduce Explore: a mobile, location-based, digital cultural heritage application for the Finnish recreational island of Seurasaari. By considering how the common visitor trajectory of a museum visit can be mapped onto a visit to the island, we were able to evaluate Explore with participants who were not primarily there to access cultural heritage. Evaluation with 45 participants over 5 days identified how the low immersion techniques used allowed participants to fit accessing cultural heritage around their visit, how participants managed group tension between those more and those less interested in Explore, as well as issues around considering the use of cultural heritage applications as a tangential purpose of a visit.

/pdf/investigating-tangential-access-for-location-based-digital-355um7gpp2.pdf

Investigating tangential access for location-based digital cultural heritage applications

We present results of an investigation into the role of seasonality in mobile cultural heritage applications. 45 participants in 26 groups used one of two applications when visiting the Finnish recreational island of Seurasaari. Each provided summer and winter content, but varied in how this was presented. We uncovered how users consider seasonality in content, seasonal preferences, as well as how different media becomes more or less interesting if shown in or out of season. We present design considerations for future researchers to consider seasonality in cultural heritage applications.

Mikko Kytö

Papers

Pinpointing: Precise Head- and Eye-Based Target Selection for Augmented Reality

Method for measuring stereo camera depth accuracy based on stereoscopic vision

Stereoscopic depth perception in video see-through augmented reality within action space

Investigating tangential access for location-based digital cultural heritage applications

Exploring Seasonality in Mobile Cultural Heritage