Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.

Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics?

Strong Closed-Shell Interactions in Inorganic Chemistry.

Advances in copper complexes as anticancer agents.

Polymeric materials with antimicrobial activity

The challenge of cyclic and acyclic schiff bases and related derivatives

Abstract This review covers over 100 heterohexa- and almost 60 heteroheptameric iron clusters. There are six categories of the heterohexameric complexes: Fe5M, Fe4M2, Fe3M3, Fe2M4, FeM5 and Fe4MM′, and eight categories of the heteroheptameric complexes: Fe6M, Fe5M2, Fe4M3, Fe3M4, Fe2M5, FeM6, FexMyM′z and FeRu4CuAu. The heterometals include the non-transition and transition metals. The shortest Fe-M (non-transition) and Fe-M (transition) in the heterohexa- series are 2.444(3) Å for Fe-Ge and 2.404(20) Å for Fe-Cu, and in the heterohepta- series are 2.316(2) Å for Fe-Ge and 2.438(3) Å for Fe-Au. Correlations between structural parameters, heterometals and ligand donor atoms are developed and an overall summary of the metal-metal distances is given.

Crystallographic and structural analysis of iron heterometallic hexa- and heptanuclear complexes

Abstract There are over 30 heterotetranuclear complexes of the types Pt3M (10 examples), Pt2M2 (15 examples), PtSn3 (5 examples), Pt2NaAg, PtSn2Fe (2 examples) and PtSnHgGe (1 example) (M=non-transition metal) for which structural parameters are available. These were analyzed and classified. The inner coordination sphere about the Pt atom ranges from three to seven, with the most common one being square planar, whereas three (Y-shaped) and seven (4+3) are rarities. The M atoms are three- (Y-shaped; Li, Sn, Tl, Hg), four- (tetrahedral; Li, Ge, Sn, Hg), five- (mostly trigonal bipyramidal; Sn, Zn, Hg), and six-coordinate (pseudo-octahedral; Na, Sn, Tl, Cd). The mean Pt-M bond distance increased in the order 2.435 Å (M=Ge)<2.645 Å (Sn)<2.676 Å (Zn)<2.822 Å (Hg)<2.827 Å (Li)<2.833 Å (Pb)<2.898 Å (Tl)<2.960 Å (Cd). The data are compared and discussed with those found in heterodimers and heterotrimers.

Structure of heterometallic platinum complexes with non-transition metals. Part III: Heterotetranuclear complexes

The organometallic chemistry of platinum covers a huge field, as shown by a recent survey covering the crys- tallographic and structural data of almost one thousand organometallic derivatives. About nine percent of those deriva- tives exist as isomers and are summarized in this review and include distortion (90 %), cis - trans (6%) and ligand isomer- ism (4%). These are discussed in terms of the coordination about the platinum atom, and correlations are drawn between donor atom, bond length and interbond angles, with attention to any trans - effect. Distortion isomers, differing only by degree of distortion in Pt-L bond lengths and L- Pt -L bond angles, are the most nu- merous. They are also spread over a wider range of oxidation states of platinum, (zero, +1, +2, +4, mixed valence +1 plus +2 and +2 plus +4), compared to cis-trans and ligand isomerism in which only +2 is found.

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Stereochemistry of Platinum Organometallics

Mesure et interpretation des susceptibilites magnetiques et des spectres IR, UV-visible et RPE des composes du type Cu (CH 3 CH 2 COO) 2 •L, avec L=diphenylphosphinoacetylene ou bis(diphenylphosphino) acetylene

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Study of Copper(II) Propionate Adducts with Diphenylphosphinoacetylene and Bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene.

Chemistry of lead compounds covers a wide field, as shown by a recent survey covering the crystallographic and structural data of almost one thousand derivatievs. About 7 % of these derivatives exist as isomers and are summarised in this review. Included are distortion (60 %), ligand (20 %), coordination (12 %) and polymerisation (8 %) isomerism. These are discussed in terms of coordination about the lead atom, and correlations are drawn between donor atom, bond lengths and interbond angles. Distortion isomers, differing only by degree of distortion in Pb L and L-Pb-L angles, are the most common. Distortion and ligand isomerism spread over a wider range of oxidation state of lead + 2 (most common), + 3 and + 4, than coordination number and polymerisation isomerism ( + 2 only).

Milan Melnik

Papers

Crystallographic and structural analysis of iron heterometallic hexa- and heptanuclear complexes

Structure of heterometallic platinum complexes with non-transition metals. Part III: Heterotetranuclear complexes

Stereochemistry of Platinum Organometallics

Study of Copper(II) Propionate Adducts with Diphenylphosphinoacetylene and Bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene.

Isomers in the Chemistry of Lead Compounds