Variability in iron, zinc and phytic acid content in a worldwide collection of commercial durum wheat cultivars and the effect of reduced irrigation on these traits.

A systematic review of phytochemicals in oat and buckwheat

Calendula officinalis	Linn. (Asteraceae) is used medicinally in
Europe, China and India amongst several places in the world. It is also
known as "African marigold" and has been a subject of several chemical
and pharmacological studies. It is used in traditional medicine,
especially for wound healing, jaundice, blood purification, and as an
antispasmodic. Chemical studies have underlined the presence of various
classes of compounds, the main being triterpenoids, flavonoids,
coumarines, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids and amino acids. The
extract of this plant as well as pure compounds isolated from it, have
been demonstrated to possess multiple pharmacological activities such
as anti-HIV, cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, spasmolytic
and spasmogenic, amongst others. In this review, we have explored the
phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of C. officinalis in
order to collate existing information on this plant as well as
highlight its multi-activity properties as a medicinal agent. This is
as a result of the worldwide cultivation of the plant and increasing
published reports on it.

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Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Calendulaofficinalis Linn (Asteraceae): A Review

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), an annual grass plant, produces seeds that possess health-promoting properties owing to its unique protein composition containing a high content of essential amino acids. The mature foxtail seeds mainly consist of proline-rich, alcohol-soluble proteins (prolamin) called setarins, comprising about 60% of the total protein, with less content of disulfide cross-linked proteins than with other cereal and millets. Protein fractionation schemes are an important tool and provide preliminary information on the nature of foxtail proteins for their applications in the field of agriculture, food pharma, and bio-based materials. Variation in the methods of preparation can influence the composition, structure, and nutritional quality of the protein concentrate. Moreover, foxtail protein or its hydrolysate has shown several bioactive effects that can be explored further for the management of chronic diseases in humans. Additionally, owing to its low cost and excellent functional properties of flour and protein concentrate, foxtail millet can be considered as good candidate for replacing animal protein foods. Furthermore, there is huge potential for successfully developing low-cost, protein-rich functional food products helpful in the prevention and management of lifestyle-related chronic diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Foxtail millet: a potential crop to meet future demand scenario for alternative sustainable protein.

The present study was carried out to determine the combining ability for yield and yield associated traits by crossing 8 diverse maize inbred lines in a half diallel mating design. Twenty eight F1 progenies along with their parents were planted in randomized complete block design with four replications in two environments. Combined analysis of variance showed significant mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) for days to ear silking (DS), plant height (PH), 1000-kernel weight (KW), number of kernels in ear row (KR), number of rows in ear (NR), kernel length (KL), cob to ear weight ratio (CR) and kernel yield (KY) indicating the importance of both additive and non additive genetic effects for these traits. However, high narrow-sense heritability estimates, low degree of dominance and the ratio of estimates of GCA to SCA effects for DS, KW, NR and CR indicated that additive genetic effect were more important for these traits. Most of the crosses with significant SCA effects for DS and KY had at least one parent with significant GCA effects for the same traits. Significant positive correlations were detected between KY and other yield components which included; KW, KR and KL. Therefore, these traits can be used as indirect selection criteria for seed yield improvement. The crosses MO17 × L8, MO17 × L12 and MO17 × L24 had high KY and were thus, considered as good combinations for improving the trait.

	 

	Key words: Additive, combined analysis, correlation, dominance, heritability.

https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380879876_Haddadi et al.pdf

Combining ability analysis of days to silking, plant height, yield components and kernel yield in maize breeding lines

The fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles of conventionally and organically produced grains of maize, spelt and buckwheat

The aim of this study was to estimate the following components for the number of rows per ear in silage maize: variability of inbred lines and their diallel hybrids, superior-parent heterosis and components of genetic variability and heritability on the basis of diallel hybrids. It was determined that the variability of this trait was significantly affected by a genotype, year and their interaction. Inbred lines ZPLB 402, ZPLB 403 and ZPLB 405 had a higher number of rows per ears than majority of hybrids in both years of investigation, which resulted in negative values of heterosis. The analysis of components of genetic variance indicates that the additive component (D) was higher that the dominant (Hi and H2) genetic variance while a positive value of the component F and frequency of dominant (u) and recessive (v) genes for the observed trait point out that dominant genes prevailed over recessive ones. Furthermore, this is confirmed by a dominant to recessive genes ratio in parental genotypes for the number of rows per ear (Kd/Kr>l) in both years. The evaluated average degree of dominance a/h^7d was below 1, indicating to a partial dominance in heritability of this trait in both years. Results of the Vr/Wr regression analysis point out to a partial dominance in heritability of the number of rows per ear. Moreover, a presence of non-allelic interaction was detected, which indicates to a need to study effects of epistasis as it can be more important in certain hybrids. The greater value of additive variance resulted in greater narrow-sense heritability for the number of rows per ear in both years of investigation (86.83% and 69.44%, respectively).

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Components of genetic variability and heritability of the number of rows per ear in silage maize

The uniform seed material is a prerequisite of stable yields. Therefore, the aim of the study was to observe variability of physiological seed traits depending on the classification of seeds by size and shape, and to determine advantages of large over small seed fractions. Three maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (ZP 505, ZP 677, ZP 684), produced in two locations (Orahovo, Plavna), were classified into six fractions; small flat seed (SFS), medium small flat seed (MSFS), large flat seed (LFS), small round seed (SRS), medium small round seed (MSRS) and large round seed (LRS). Two laboratory treatments were applied on seed: TR1 (cold test) and TR2 (20/30 oC). In both temperature treatments, the first evaluation was done after 72-h germination, and then every 24 h until 7th day. The highest total germination (G) was recorded for ZP 677 (93.7%), location Orahovo (94.9%), temperature TR2 (95.2%) and MSFS fraction (89.7%). The total proportion of factors in the variance for G was R2 = 0.694. Locations and genotypes predominantly affected the germination rate (GR), η = 0.338. Flat fraction seeds had more rapid emergence (> 90%) of seedlings than the round fraction seeds (> 85%). Round seeds were more susceptible and seed size had a greater effect on vigour than LRS, 70%. The partial effect of the fraction on G was not estimated (η = 0.037), but its cumulative effect with other factors was evident (Hybrid × Fraction, η = 0.070).

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Effects of shape and size of hybrid maize seed on germination and vigour of different genotypes

The phytic acid (PA), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), yellow pigment (YP), water soluble phenolics (WSPH) and free protein sulfhydryl groups (PSH) of 15 Triticum aestivum and 15 Triticum durum wheats grown at six different environments were evaluated for variability, intra- and inter- relations with agronomic traits. The most variable properties in bread wheat were YP and WSPH with coefficients of variation (CV) amounting to 14.59% and 14.10%, respectively, while in durum wheat those were PSH and YP with CV of 17.59% and 15.02%, respectively. PA in durum wheat showed the least variability (CV 3.61%). Among others, positive associations were obtained between WSPH and YP in bread and durum wheat, YP and PSH, WSPH and PSH, yield (YLD) and WSPH, YLD and PSH in durum wheat, while negative associations were recorded for PA and YP, PA and WSPH, YLD and antioxidants (YP and WSPH) in bread wheat, PA and antioxidants, PA and YLD in durum wheat.

https://journal.fi/afs/article/download/49729/16521

Phytic acid, inorganic phosphorus, antioxidants in bread and durum wheat and their associations with agronomic traits

The four-replicate trial with a local variety Domaci oranž (Local orange) was set up according to the randomised complete-block design in four locations (Gorobilje, Arilje, Pancevo and Kacarevo) and two variants of fertilizing (200 kg ha-1 KAN with 27 % of nitrogen and 400 kg ha-1 NPK 15:15:15) and the control without fertilizing. According to the three factorial analysis of variance for all observed traits it was determined that there were very significant differences within growing locations and fertilizing variants and their interaction (L x F). The highest seed yield (672.84 kg ha-1) was detected in the variant with 400 kg NPK ha-1. The significantly lower seed yield (579.84 kg ha-1) was obtained in the variant with KAN at the rate of 200 kg ha-1and the control variant (344.88 kg ha-1). The highest total seed germination of 91.84% and the 1000-seed weight (6.83 g) were obtained in the variant with 400 kg NPK ha-1. Total seed germination (85.87) and the 1000-seed weight (5.82 g) obtained in the control were significantly higher than total seed germination (83.31%) and the 1000-seed weight (5.42 g) obtained in the variant with 200 kg ha-1 KAN

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Mile Sečanski

Papers

The fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles of conventionally and organically produced grains of maize, spelt and buckwheat

Components of genetic variability and heritability of the number of rows per ear in silage maize

Effects of shape and size of hybrid maize seed on germination and vigour of different genotypes

Phytic acid, inorganic phosphorus, antioxidants in bread and durum wheat and their associations with agronomic traits

THE EFFECTS OF LOCATION AND THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF POT MARIGOLD (Calendula officinalis L.)