Turkish Journal of Field Crops 

About: Turkish Journal of Field Crops is an academic journal published by Turkish Journal of Field Crops. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Biology & Sowing. It has an ISSN identifier of 1301-1111. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 557 publications have been published receiving 4595 citations.

Yield and quality of forage maize as influenced by plant density and nitrogen rate

Abstract: The producers of silage maize need more information on agronomic managements such as plant density and nitrogen fertilization. Field studies were conducted in Bursa to evaluate dry matter yield and forage quality responses of silage maize to plant density and nitrogen rate. Five densities of 60 000, 100 000, 140 000, 180 000 and 220 000 plants ha -1 and five rates of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg N ha -1 were applied with split block design of three replications. As plant density increased, dry matter yield, stem percentage and ADF increased, but leaf number plant -1 , stem diameter and ear percentage decreased with the highest dry matter yields of 180 000 plants ha -1 and 220 000 plants ha -1 . However, there were no effects of plant densities on plant height, leaf percentage, crude protein and NDF. The dry matter yield, plant height, leaf number plant -1 , stem diameter, leaf percentage, ear percentage, crude protein content and NDF responded linearly to nitrogen rates with the highest dry matter yields at 300 and 400 kg N ha -1 , respectively. However, stem percentage decreased and ADF did not change as nitrogen rates increased. In conclusion, 180 000 plants ha -1 and 300 kg N ha -1 may be recommended for cultivation of silage maize under drip irrigation at Southern

Evaluation of experimental maize hybrids tested in multi- location trials using ammi and gge biplot analyses

Abstract: Multi-environment yield trials are essential in estimation of genotype by environment (GE) interaction and identification of superior genotypes in the final selection cycles. The objective of this study was to evaluate stability and adaptability of grain yield of experimental maize hybrids by GGE (Genotype and Genotype by Environment Interaction) biplot and AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) analyses. This study comprised 19 experimental NS (Novi Sad) maize hybrids tested across twelve environments in northern Serbia in a randomized complete block design. The ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) indicated significant effects of genotypes (G), environments (E) and their interaction (GE). On the same time, the highest percentage of variation was explained by E (77.83%) while G and GE effects together explained the rest of variation (<30%). Joint effects of genotype and interaction (G+GE) was partitioned using GGE biplot analysis where the first two components were significant, explaining 62.40% (44.34% PC1 and 18.06% PC2) of the GGE sum of squares. The two principal components in AMMI analysis were significant, explaining 53.99% (30.87% PC1 and 23.12% PC2) of interaction variation. Stability of analysed genotypes was similar in both methods. It is concluded that there is no large difference between the AMMI and GGE biplot analyses in evaluation of experimental maize hybrids in different climatic conditions and that both methods can be used equally successfully.

Inheritance of leaf shape in the cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract: The cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) possess mainly three leaf shapes, and multipinnate leaf shape has shown lower leaf miner damage (Liriomyza cicerina Rond.). Therefore, the study of the inheritance of leaf shape in cultivated chickpea has priority. For this purpose, ICC 6119 (multipinnate leaf) was crossed with Sierra (simple leaf) and ICC 4958 (normal leaves). In F1 generation, all filials had normal leaves since normal leaf shape was dominant over both multipinnate and simple leaves. In F2 generation, segregating progenies of the former crosses produced 109 normal leaves and 37 simple leaves, while the later crosses produced three shapes of leaves; 59 normal leaves, 18 multipinnate leaves and 27 simple leaves. The results suggested that the former and the later crosses were found to fit 12:4 and 9:3:4 patterns, respectively. It was concluded that leaf characteristics could be easily transferred from donor to receptor chickpea genotypes since leaf shape in the cultivated chickpea was governed by three factors.

MINERAL CONTENT, ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF TWO MENTHA SPECIES (M. piperita L., M. spicata L.)

Abstract: The essential oil of mint species are widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, growing throughout the world. Therefore, it is very important to know the chemical characteristics of the oil for economic use and enhanced performance of the end products. This study was carried out to determine mineral content, essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of Mentha piperita (L.) and M. spicata (L.) (Lamiaceae). Chemical compositions of hydro-distilled essential oils obtained from mint species leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For antimicrobial activity, the disc diffusion tests were carried out on E. coli line ATCC25922, P. aeroginosa line ATCC27853, S. aureus line 25923, S. pyogenes line ATCC19615 and C. albicans line ATCC10231, and the antioxidant activity was performed by using DPPH radical-scavenging method. It was determined that essential oil of M. piperita and M. spicata contains menthol and carvone as major components, respectively. Treatment of 5 �� l, 10 �� l 15 �� l and 20 �� l of the oil exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes, S. aureus and C. albicans and E. coli, except P. aeruginosa. The antioxidant activity of essential oil of mint species lowered DPPH activity compared to ascorbic acid. The results demonstrated that mint species essential oil has clearly good antimicrobial activity against test organisms and acceptable antioxidant activity.

Determination of Lavender and Lavandin Cultivars (Lavandula sp.) Containing High Quality Essential Oil in Isparta, Turkey

Abstract: The research was carried out during the 2009 and 2010 growing period with the aim of determining agricultural and technological characteristics of lavender cultivars.When the agricultural characteristics of the lavender and lavandin cultivars were examined, in both years the highest fresh stem flower yield was obtained from Dutch (5467 and 8204 kg ha -1 , respectively) and the highest dry stemless flower yield from Super A (1083 and 1463 kg ha -1 , respectively) cultivars. The highest essential oil content in both fresh stem flowers (the first year 2.00 %, the second year 1.90 %) and dry stemless flowers (the first year 9.62 %, the second year 8.87 %) was determined from Silver. Linalool, linalyl acetate and camphor were determined as the main components of essential oil in the lavender cultivar. The highest linalool content in fresh stem flowers was determined to be from Dutch (43.3 %) in the first year and from Vera (43.9 %) in the second year. The highest linalyl acetate content from Super A (42.5 and 19.8 %, respectively) and camphor content from Super A (19.8 %) in the first year and Dutch (10.0 %) in the second year were determined. The highest linalool content in dry stemless flowers from Dutch (46.5 and 47.0 %, respectively), linalyl acetate content from Super A (32.8 and 29.5 %, respectively) in both years and camphor content from Silver (12.6 %) in the first year and Dutch (10.9 %) in the second year were obtained.