Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

Power Aware Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

This chapter is devoted to a more detailed examination of game theory. Game theory is an important tool for analyzing strategic behavior, is concerned with how individuals make decisions when they recognize that their actions affect, and are affected by, the actions of other individuals or groups. Strategic behavior recognizes that the decision-making process is frequently mutually interdependent. Game theory is the study of the strategic behavior involving the interaction of two or more individuals, teams, or firms, usually referred to as players. Two game theoretic scenarios were examined in this chapter: Simultaneous-move and multi-stage games. In simultaneous-move games the players effectively move at the same time. A normal-form game summarizes the players, possible strategies and payoffs from alternative strategies in a simultaneous-move game. Simultaneous-move games may be either noncooperative or cooperative. In contrast to noncooperative games, players of cooperative games engage in collusive behavior. A Nash equilibrium, which is a solution to a problem in game theory, occurs when the players’ payoffs cannot be improved by changing strategies. Simultaneous-move games may be either one-shot or repeated games. One-shot games are played only once. Repeated games are games that are played more than once. Infinitely-repeated games are played over and over again without end. Finitely-repeated games are played a limited number of times. Finitely-repeated games have certain or uncertain ends.

An Introduction to Game Theory

Computer communications

Physical layer security which safeguards data confidentiality based on the information-theoretic approaches has received significant research interest recently. The key idea behind physical layer security is to utilize the intrinsic randomness of the transmission channel to guarantee the security in physical layer. The evolution toward 5G wireless communications poses new challenges for physical layer security research. This paper provides a latest survey of the physical layer security research on various promising 5G technologies, including physical layer security coding, massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave communications, heterogeneous networks, non-orthogonal multiple access, full duplex technology, and so on. Technical challenges which remain unresolved at the time of writing are summarized and the future trends of physical layer security in 5G and beyond are discussed.

/pdf/a-survey-of-physical-layer-security-techniques-for-5g-bzkycilrb1.pdf

A Survey of Physical Layer Security Techniques for 5G Wireless Networks and Challenges Ahead

Dynamic spectrum access is a new spectrum sharing paradigm that allows secondary users to access the abundant spectrum holes or white spaces in the licensed spectrum bands. DSA is a promising technology to alleviate the spectrum scarcity problem and increase spectrum utilization. While DSA has attracted many research efforts recently, in this article, we discuss the challenges of DSA and aim to shed light on its future. We first give an introduction to the state-of- the-art in spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing. Then, we examine the challenges that prevent DSA from major commercial deployment. We believe that, to address these challenges, a new DSA model is critical, where the licensed users cooperate in DSA and hence much more flexible spectrum sharing is possible. Furthermore, the future DSA model should consider the political, social, economic, and technological factors all together, to pave the way for the commercial success of DSA. To support this future DSA model, the future cognitive radio is expected to have additional components and capabilities, to enforce policy, provide incentive and coexistence mechanisms, etc. We call the future cognitive radio with the expanded capabilities a network radio, and discuss its architecture as well as the design issues for future DSA.

Dynamic spectrum access: from cognitive radio to network radio

Cognitive radio networks are a promising solution to the spectrum scarcity issue. However, cognitive radio networks are vulnerable to various kinds of security attacks, among which the jamming attack has attracted great attention as it can significantly degrade spectrum utilization. In this article we model the jamming and anti-jamming process as a Markov decision process. With this approach, secondary users are able to avoid the jamming attack launched by external attackers and therefore maximize the payoff function. We first use a policy iteration method to solve the problem. However, this approach is computationally intensive. To decrease the computation complexity, Q-function is used as an alternate method. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to solve the Q-function. The simulation results indicate that our approach can achieve better performance than existing approaches to defend against the jamming attack.

A game-theoretical anti-jamming scheme for cognitive radio networks

One of the most challenging network security concerns for network administrators is the presence of rogue access points. Rogue access points, if undetected, can be an open door to sensitive information on the network. Many data raiders have taken advantage of the undetected rogue access points in enterprises to not only get free Internet access, but also to view confidential information. Most of the current solutions to detect rouge access points are not automated and are dependent on a specific wireless technology. In this paper, we present a rogue access point detection approach. The approach is an automated solution which can be installed on any router at the edge of a network. The main premise of our approach is to distinguish authorized WLAN hosts from unauthorized WLAN hosts connected to rogue access points by analyzing traffic characteristics at the edge of a network. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our approach in detecting rogue access points in a heterogeneous network comprised of wireless and wired subnets.

https://faculty.tnstate.edu/MovedToOU/sshetty/papers/milcom2007.pdf

Rogue Access Point Detection by Analyzing Network Traffic Characteristics

This SpringerBrief presents adaptive resource allocation schemes for secondary users for dynamic spectrum access (DSA) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) by considering Quality-of-Service requirements, admission control, power/rate control, interference constraints, and the impact of spectrum sensing or primary user interruptions. It presents the challenges, motivations, and applications of the different schemes. The authors discuss cloud-assisted geolocation-aware adaptive resource allocation in CRNs by outsourcing computationally intensive processing to the cloud. Game theoretic approaches are presented to solve resource allocation problems in CRNs. Numerical results are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. Adaptive Resource Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks is designed for professionals and researchers working in the area of wireless networks. Advanced-level students in electrical engineering and computer science, especially those focused on wireless networks, will find this information helpful.

Dynamic Spectrum Access for Wireless Networks

Large-scale multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless system is regarded as a solution to provide high speed connection for exponentially increasing wireless subscriptions for emerging cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and Internet of Things. In order to realize its full potential, there are several challenges to be addressed to achieve high secrecy rate or data rate. In this paper, we analyze outage probability for secrecy rate in MIMO wireless systems in the presence of eavesdroppers and jammers for CPS devices. Our proposed approach takes into account the impact of jammers while finding the best response to minimize the jamming/interfering effect (or to enhance the secrecy rate) and the impact of eavesdropper in secrecy rates of the users. We present formal analysis for secrecy outage probability and interception probability considering Rayleigh fading scenario. The performance is evaluated by using numerical results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical results indicate that the system performance is improved significantly when the users adapt their transmit vectors based on their observed interference values. Furthermore, the secrecy outage probability increases with power of jammer and the secrecy capacity decreases when jammer power increases. We observed that the proposed approach outperforms the other existing approaches.

Min Song

Papers

Dynamic spectrum access: from cognitive radio to network radio

A game-theoretical anti-jamming scheme for cognitive radio networks

Rogue Access Point Detection by Analyzing Network Traffic Characteristics

Dynamic Spectrum Access for Wireless Networks

Evaluating Secrecy Outage of Physical Layer Security in Large-Scale MIMO Wireless Communications for Cyber-Physical Systems