Social presence, or the feeling of being there with a “real” person, is a crucial component of interactions that take place in virtual reality. This paper reviews the concept, antecedents, and implications of social presence, with a focus on the literature regarding the predictors of social presence. The article begins by exploring the concept of social presence, distinguishing it from two other dimensions of presence—telepresence and self-presence. After establishing the definition of social presence, the article offers a systematic review of 222 separate findings identified from 150 studies that investigate the factors (i.e., immersive qualities, contextual differences, and individual psychological traits) that predict social presence. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of heightened social presence and when it does and does not enhance one’s experience in a virtual environment.

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A Systematic Review of Social Presence: Definition, Antecedents, and Implications.

Social media influencer marketing: A systematic review, integrative framework and future research agenda

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Smart Sports Fans: Factors Influencing Sport Consumption on Smartphones

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Min Xiao

Papers

Factors affecting YouTube influencer marketing credibility: a heuristic-systematic model

Factors Influencing eSports Viewership: An Approach Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action:

The Effects of Avatars' Age on Older Adults' Self-Disclosure and Trust

Smart Sports Fans: Factors Influencing Sport Consumption on Smartphones

Does that sound right? The effects of regulatory fit and nonfit headline frames on motivated information processing