Progressive utilisation prospects of coal fly ash: A review

Relay Feedback Auto-tuning of Process Controllers – A Tutorial Review

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Autotuning of PID Controllers

A tutorial review on process identification from step or relay feedback test

Some self-tuning controllers are proposed which have the same structure as conventional PID controllers. The new self-tuning PID controllers are based on a modified version of the design method of Clarke and Gawthrop (1975, 1979). Experimental and simulation studies for a stirred-tank heating system indicate that the new self-tuners perform well and can be easily adjusted on-line.

A self-tuning controller with a pid structure

A new method for on‐line controller tuning

Silica aerogels were prepared using bagasse ash as a silica source through a route involving the surface modification of wet gels and ambient pressure drying (APD). The silica in the bagasse ash was extracted using a NaOH solution to form the sodium silicate precursor for the silica aerogels. Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and hexamethyldisalazane (HMDS) were used to replace the surface silanol groups with alkyl groups to prevent the condensation and shrinkage of the gel structure during APD. The prepared silica aerogels exhibited strong hydrophobicity. The silica aerogels aged in water possess a higher surface area than those aged in hexane. The mixing time for the silylating agents with the silica precursor influences the surface area of the silica aerogels. The highest surface area and pore volume of the silica aerogels were 1114 m2/g and 2.16 cm3/g, respectively.

Using bagasse ash as a silica source when preparing silica aerogels via ambient pressure drying

PEG-templated mesoporous silicas using silicate precursor and their applications in desiccant dehumidification cooling systems

High-purity magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the electrooxidation of iron in an aqueous system using a pulsed direct current (pulsed DC). The pure iron to be electrooxidized was electroplated on a steel plate, which was then used as a sacrificial anode in the electrochemical system. The electrolyte used was demineralized water, either with or without added NaOH, which was used to vary the pH of the solution, between 7 and 10. We showed that the pulsed DC significantly enhanced the purity of the magnetite that was formed. The FeOOH impurities that are typically present when continuous DC is used were not observed. The particles produced using the proposed method were nearly spherical in shape. The size of the particles ranged from 7 to 23 nm depending on the conditions of synthesis, namely, the pulse frequency, duty cycle, and pH. The magnetite nanoparticles exhibited ferromagnetic properties, with values of saturation magnetization ranging from 18 to 55 emu/g. The results obtained from thermal gravimetric/differential thermal analysis revealed that magnetite was converted into maghemite at a temperature of approximately 200 °C and into hematite under further heating to 500 °C. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A facile method to prepare high‐purity magnetite nanoparticles by electrooxidation of iron in water using a pulsed direct current

In this work, a model for particle formation and growth is used to simulate the aluminum particle synthesis by an evaporation-condensation process. The effect of commonly employed process parameters (vaporization temperature, cooling rate, system pressure) is investigated. The model to be solved is the general dynamic equation (GDE) that accounts for particle nucleation, condensation and coagulation at non-isothermal conditions. The GDE was solved using the nodal method. The methodology approximates the particle size distribution to a few nodes by introducing size-splitting operators. The simulation results show that particle formation and growth take place in a short temperature range. The coagulation increases the particle size while maintaining the number concentration. On the other hand, the surface condensation tends to shift the particles size distribution towards a larger size. It was shown that production of nanoparticles with a more uniform size distribution and smaller particles are favored using low pressure and low vaporization temperature. The particle size distribution is nearly influenced by the cooling rate in the range study here.

Minta Yuwana

Papers

A new method for on‐line controller tuning

Using bagasse ash as a silica source when preparing silica aerogels via ambient pressure drying

PEG-templated mesoporous silicas using silicate precursor and their applications in desiccant dehumidification cooling systems

A facile method to prepare high‐purity magnetite nanoparticles by electrooxidation of iron in water using a pulsed direct current

Modeling and Simulation of Aluminum Nanoparticle Synthesis by the Evaporation-Condensation Process Using the Nodal Method