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An archaeology of natural places

Atlas of Animal Bones. For Prehistorians, Archaeologists and Quaternary Geologists. Knochenatlas. Für Prähistoriker, Archäologen und Quartärgeologen. Elisabeth Schmid. Drawings by Otto Garraux. Elsevier, New York, 1972. vii, 160 pp. $29

2. Ecriture et langue 13 2.5. Ecriture 13 2.5.1. Liste de signes 13 2.5.2. Systeme d’ecriture 13 (Serie ‘Classification and categorisation in ancient Egypt’) 2.5.3. Paleographie 13 2.6. Grammaire 14 2.6.1. Ancien Egyptien 14 2.6.2. Moyen Egyptien, egyptien de convention et temples greco–romains 14 2.6.3. Neo–egyptien 14 2.6.4. Demotique 15 2.6.5. Copte 15 2.6.6. Systeme verbal 15 2.6.7. Linguistique 15 2.7. Lexicographie, expressions, onomastique, epithetes 16 2.7.1. Dictionnaires 16 2.7.1.1. Ancien Egyptien 16 2.7.1.2. Moyen Egyptien 16 2.7.1.3. Neo–egyptien 16 2.7.1.4. Demotique 16 2.7.1.5. Copte 17 2.7.1.6. Lexicographie 17 2.7.2. Dictionnaires specialises 17 2.7.3. Expressions–formules 17 2.7.4. Onomastique 17

Introduction bibliographique à l'Égyptologie

A History of Ancient Egypt

Climate change at the end of the Old Kingdom in Egypt around 4200 BP: New geoarchaeological evidence

Die Privatstatuen des Alten Reiches sind bisher nur in Einzelartikeln ohne den Blick auf das Ganze, das heißt alle Statuentypen der Zeit, zu werfen, publiziert. Ihre Aufstellungsmöglichkeiten, teilweise zeitabhängig, schließen im Grab alle Räume, außerhalb das Dach und den Eingangsbereich mit ein. In den Tempeln sind sie dagegen selten belegt. Typologisch lassen sich nur im Serdab alle Statuentypen finden. Je nach Grabtyp (Mastaba, Felsgrab, Mischform aus beiden) können etwas unterschiedliche Dekorationskonzepte mit Statuen beobachtet werden. Parallel zur Vergrößerung des Verwaltungsapparates ab der 5. Dynastie nehmen die Anzahl der Gräber und die dazugehörigen Statuen zu. Insbesondere ab Niussere fallen die „Pseudogruppen“, „Familiengruppen“ und „Statuen mit der Kauernden“ auf. Entsprechend der zeitlichen Nutzungslage, darin spiegeln sich dann die Statuentypen wieder, sind die zwei Hauptnekropolen in Giza und Sakkara zu sehen. So ist zum Beispiel zu beobachten, dass die Beamten der Verwaltungsschicht durch Leserstatuen und ihre häufig dazugehörenden Statuenkomplexe mehr das Bild von Sakkara als das von Giza prägen. Auch ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen, dass mehr Holzstatuen in der 6. Dynastie aus Sakkara als aus Giza bekannt sind. Da allerdings die Nekropole von Sakkara noch weiterer Ausgrabungen bedarf und fundierte statistische Auswertungen bisher fehlen, müssen viele Fragen offen bleiben. Dieser Artikel kann daher nur ein Versuch sein, sich den komplexen Fragestellungen zur Privatplastik im Alten Reich anzunähern.

Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2000

The principal factors influencing the location of the Old Kingdom pyramids in Egypt are reconsidered. The decisive factors influencing their distribution over an area of c. eighty kilometres were essentially of economic, geomorphologic, socio-political and unavoidably also of religious nature. Primary importance is to be attributed to the existence of the Old Kingdom capital of Egypt, Memphis, which was a central place with regard to the Old Kingdom pyramid fields. Its economic potential and primacy in the largely redistribution-driven state economy sustained construction of the vast majority of the pyramid complexes in its vicinity. The location of the remaining number of the Old Kingdom pyramids, including many of the largest ever built, is explained using primarily archaeological evidence. It is claimed that the major factors influencing their location lie in the sphere of general trends governing ancient Egyptian society of the period.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0959774305000090

Location of the Old Kingdom Pyramids in Egypt

http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/love_okaa_2006.pdf

The old kingdom art and archaeology

A new tomb (AS 98) of Ankhires, inspector of hairdressers of the Great House, was excavated at Abusir South in the autumn seasons of 2016 and 2017. The stone-built mastaba is preliminarily dated to late Fifth Dynasty, from the reign of Nyuserre to Djedkare. It has an unusual architectural plan, consisting of a corridor chapel, Rooms 1 and 2, an L-shaped chapel, two serdabs and Shaft 1. It was obviously built in two phases. The extension gave the mastaba the area of 413 m2. In view of several facts, the tomb represents a new phenomenon not only at the Czech archaeological concession but also at the Memphite necropolis. It was surrounded by several structures including tombs (AS 101, AS 102), a technical(?) structure (AS 100) or a cultic installation (AS 99), which were also partly excavated. The work has brought to light many interesting finds, being it remains of the original wall decoration, remains of wooden statues or ecofacts. An analysis of the animal bones assemblage is also incorporated in the present study. Abusir South – Old Kingdom – Fifth Dynasty – Nyuserre – mastaba – relief decoration – transformation of society – wooden statue – animal bones Veronika Dulíková (veronika.dulikova@ff.cuni.cz) Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Miroslav Bárta (miroslav.barta@ff.cuni.cz) Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Martin Odler (martin.odler@ff.cuni.cz) Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Marie Peterková Hlouchová (marie.peterkovahlouchova@ff.cuni.cz) Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Zdeňka Sůvová (zsuvova@gmail.com) Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University i Dulíková et al., The tomb of Ankhires (AS 98) Fig. 1 Part of a drum (19/AS98/2016) which was originally situated below an architrave in the entrance to the main chapel in Ankhires’s mastaba. The drum is made of fine limestone, black dotted on richly orange base, while the hieroglyphs are of blue colour (photo

Miroslav Bárta

Papers

Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2000

Location of the Old Kingdom Pyramids in Egypt

The old kingdom art and archaeology

Tomb at Abusir South from a time of change belonging to Ankhires, inspector of hairdressers of the Great House (AS 98)

Diachronic development of the Lake of Abusir during the third millennium BC, Cairo, Egypt