J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

5.1. Nanoalloys of Group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) 865 5.1.1. Cu−Ag 866 5.1.2. Cu−Au 867 5.1.3. Ag−Au 870 5.1.4. Cu−Ag−Au 872 5.2. Nanoalloys of Group 10 (Ni, Pd, Pt) 872 5.2.1. Ni−Pd 872 * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +39010 3536214. Fax:+39010 311066. E-mail: ferrando@fisica.unige.it. † Universita di Genova. ‡ Argonne National Laboratory. § University of Birmingham. | As of October 1, 2007, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division. Volume 108, Number 3

Nanoalloys: From Theory to Applications of Alloy Clusters and Nanoparticles

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Metal–Organic Frameworks and Self-Assembled Supramolecular Coordination Complexes: Comparing and Contrasting the Design, Synthesis, and Functionality of Metal–Organic Materials

Rising atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves raise serious concerns about the ensuing effects on the global climate and future energy supply. Utilizing the abundant solar energy to convert CO2 into fuels such as methane or methanol could address both problems simultaneously as well as provide a convenient means of energy storage. In this Review, current approaches for the heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and other metal oxide, oxynitride, sulfide, and phosphide semiconductors are presented. Research in this field is focused primarily on the development of novel nanostructured photocatalytic materials and on the investigation of the mechanism of the process, from light absorption through charge separation and transport to CO2 reduction pathways. The measures used to quantify the efficiency of the process are also discussed in detail.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and other semiconductors.

and Fuels Changzhi Li,† Xiaochen Zhao,† Aiqin Wang,† George W. Huber,†,‡ and Tao Zhang*,† †State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States

Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels

A plethora of methods have been developed over the years so that carbon dioxide can be used as a reactant in organic synthesis. Given the abundance of this compound, its utilization in synthetic chemistry, particularly on an industrial scale, is still at a rather low level. In the last 35 years, considerable research has been performed to find catalytic routes to transform CO(2) into carboxylic acids, esters, lactones, and polymers in an economic way. This Review presents an overview of the available homogeneous catalytic routes that use carbon dioxide as a C(1) carbon source for the synthesis of industrial products as well as fine chemicals.

Transformation of Carbon Dioxide with Homogeneous Transition-Metal Catalysts: A Molecular Solution to a Global Challenge?

The synthesis of cyclic carbonates through coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides is 100 % atom economical and is already performed on an industrial scale. Its impact regarding the use of carbon dioxide as a renewable carbon source is expected to grow significantly in the near future, so that the development of efficient catalysts is of high interest in academia and industry. To improve the carbon footprint and sustainability of the cycloaddition reaction, the use of organocatalytic methods is a promising approach. Herein, available metal-free catalysts for the preparation of cyclic carbonates are described and elaborated concerning the overall sustainability of the process. Therefore, the required reaction conditions, as well as the activity of the catalysts and their reusability, are compared and evaluated. In addition to ammonium-, phosphonium-, or imidazolium-based single-component catalysts and their supported analogues, the growing field of research concerning dual catalysts are also discussed in detail.

Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Organocatalysts

We gratefully acknowledge support and funding from the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), the EU Project Next-GTL, the Wacker Chemie AG, and the Technische Universitat Munchen (TUM) Graduate School. Furthermore, we thank Mathias Esser for designing the cover art.

Chemistry of iron N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: syntheses, structures, reactivities, and catalytic applications.

Umwandlung von Kohlendioxid mit Übergangsmetall-Homogenkatalysatoren: eine molekulare Lösung für ein globales Problem?

The coordination of low-valent group 13 organyls EIR [E = Al, Ga, In; R = Cp*, C(SiMe3)3] to transition metals has attracted increasing interest over the past decade. Complexes and cluster compounds of these new ligands with a number of transition metals have been isolated and characterised. The EIR moiety is formally isolobal with CO and PR3 (R = alkyl, Cp*) or carbenes (R = chelating group) with varying σ-donor and π-acceptor properties depending on the organic group R as well as the group 13 metal E. In this review, different ways of forming M−E bonds such as substitution reactions of labile ligands or insertion of EIR into transition metal halide bonds are described. Furthermore, the reactivity of homoleptic complexes Ma(EIR)b is discussed, outlining the use of these new complex types in bond activation reactions. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)

Mirza Cokoja

Papers

Transformation of Carbon Dioxide with Homogeneous Transition-Metal Catalysts: A Molecular Solution to a Global Challenge?

Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Organocatalysts

Chemistry of iron N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: syntheses, structures, reactivities, and catalytic applications.

Umwandlung von Kohlendioxid mit Übergangsmetall-Homogenkatalysatoren: eine molekulare Lösung für ein globales Problem?

Transition Metal Chemistry of Low Valent Group 13 Organyls