List of maps Preface Glossary List of abbreviations Introduction 1. Prologue: surveillance and communication in early modern India 2. Political intelligence and indigenous informants during the conquest of India, c. 1785-1815 3. Misinformation and failure on the fringes of empire 4. Between human intelligence and colonial knowledge 5. The Indian ecumene: an indigenous public sphere 6. Useful knowledge and godly society, c. 1830-50 7. Colonial controversies: astronomers and physicians 8. Colonial controversies: language and land 9. The information order, the Rebellion of 1857-9 and pacification 10. Epilogue: information, surveillance and the public arena after the Rebellion Conclusion: 'knowing the country' Bibliography Index.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2CEAAB96BEEE92D81FEEBC10DA7517F6/S0021911800023202a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-empire-and-information-intelligence-gathering-and-social-communication-in-india-1780-1870-span-by-c-a-bayly-cambridge-studies-in-indian-history-and-society-cambridge-cambridge-university-press-1996-xiv-412-pp-64-95-cloth-div.pdf

Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780–1870 . By C. A. Bayly. Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. xiv, 412 pp. $64.95(cloth).

The Utilitarians have usually been regarded as exponents of a moral theory, but in this work Dr Stokes lays emphasis on their claim to have developed a practical science of society. Political failure caused their practical character to languish in England, but in India the Utilitarian principles won far greater success. He analyzes James Mill's influence as the London head of the Indian administration on Macaulay's Benthamite reforms and on Fitzjames Stephen's significance in the passage of Utilitarianism into Imperialism.

The English Utilitarians and India.

Some challenges of legal globalization closely resemble those formulated earlier for legal pluralism: the irreducible plurality of legal orders, the coexistence of domestic state law with other legal orders, the absence of a hierarchically superior position transcending the differences. This review discusses how legal pluralism engages with legal globalization and how legal globalization utilizes legal pluralism. It demonstrates how several international legal disciplines—comparative law, conflict of laws, public international law, and European Union law—have slowly begun to adopt some ideas of legal pluralism. It shows how traditional themes and questions of legal pluralism—the definition of law, the role of the state, of community, and of space—are altered under conditions of globalization. It addresses interrelations between different legal orders and various ways, both theoretical and practical, to deal with them. And it provides an outlook on the future of global legal pluralism as theory and practic...

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Global Legal Pluralism

(2000). Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of Modern India. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 84-84.

Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of Modern India

Introduction: "A State in the Disguise of a Merchant" Part I: Foundations Chapter 1 "Planning & Peopling Your Colony": Building a Company-State Chapter 2 "A Sort of Republic for the Management of Trade": The Jurisdiction of a Company-State Chapter 3 "A Politie of Civill and Military Power": Diplomacy, War, and Expansion Chapter 4 "Politicall Science and Martiall Prudence": Political Thought and Political Economy Chapter 5 "The Most Sure and Profitable Sort of Merchandice": Protestantism and Piety Part II: Transformations Chapter 6 "Great Warrs Leave Behind them Long Tales": Crisis and Response in Asia after 1688 Chapter 7 Auspicio Regis et Senatus Angliae": Crisis and Response in Britain after 1688 Chapter 8 "The Day of Small Things": Civic Governance in the New Century Chapter 9 "A Sword in One Hand & Money in the Other": Old Patterns, New Rivals Conclusion "A Great and Famous Superstructure" Abbreviations Glossary Notes Index

The Company-State: Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern Foundations of the British Empire in India

The history of the legal profession has been dominated by Richard Abel's monopolization thesis, and by Terence C. Halliday and Lucien Karpik's political model of lawyers as maintainers of liberal polities. By contrast, Assaf Likhovski's legal history of mandate Palestine treats lawyers and judges as cultural intermediaries who shaped the legal identity of Jewish and Arab communities. This article situates Likhovski's book within a growing body of scholarship on non-European lawyering in the British Empire. It links Likhovski's case studies to legal figures from colonial India, West Africa, and Malaya, all of whom acted as cultural translators and ethnographic intermediaries in the formation of colonial identities.

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A New History of Colonial Lawyering: Likhovski and Legal Identities in the British Empire

This dissertation explores the ways in which the ethnic identity of South Asia's Parsis was forged through litigation in the British colonial courts. The Parsis were Zoroastrians who fled to India after the seventh-century conquest of Persia by Arab Muslims. Under British rule, they became an elite of intermediary traders and professionals. Around 1900, a series of lawsuits erupted on the admission of ethnic outsiders into the Parsi community through intermarriage, conversion, and adoption. This dissertation is a study of the most extensive of these cases, the Privy Council appeal of Saklat v Bella (1914-25). The case erupted when an Indian orphan named Bella was adopted by Parsis in Rangoon, initiated into the Zoroastrian religion, and taken into the Rangoon fire temple, a space arguably desecrated by the presence of ethnic outsiders. Through an examination of case papers and judges' notebooks from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (London) and the Bombay High Court (Mumbai), the dissertation explores competing visions of Parsi identity that were promoted by reformist and orthodox Parsis as litigants, witnesses, lawyers, judges, and journalists. Bella's case highlights two sorts of displacement. First, a patrilineal definition of Parsi identity was overtaken in this period by a more exclusive, eugenics-based racial model. As anxieties over communal extinction peaked with the advent of the census, orthodox Parsis clung to the notion of Persian racial purity, excluding Indian, Burmese, and European outsiders with renewed tenacity. Second, the colonial legal system's reconfiguration of Parsi religious institutions as trusts unravelled the authority of Zoroastrian priests as arbiters of religious doctrine. On a larger scale, Saklat v Bella illustrates how a "centripetal jurisprudence" contributed to the creation of a unitary "legal India" and an empire of common law. It is also a story about legal pluralism and the rise of a non-European legal profession in the colonial context. Parsis rose to prominence as lawyers and judges in this period, and used their legal influence to carve out a space for Zoroastrian legal identity.

Bella's case : Parsi identity and the law in colonial Rangoon, Bombay and London, 1887-1925

This book explores the legal culture of the Parsis, or Zoroastrians, an ethnoreligious community unusually invested in the colonial legal system of British India and Burma. Rather than trying to maintain collective autonomy and integrity by avoiding interaction with the state, the Parsis sank deep into the colonial legal system itself. From the late eighteenth century until India's independence in 1947, they became heavy users of colonial law, acting as lawyers, judges, litigants, lobbyists, and legislators. They de-Anglicized the law that governed them and enshrined in law their own distinctive models of the family and community by two routes: frequent intra-group litigation often managed by Parsi legal professionals in the areas of marriage, inheritance, religious trusts, and libel, and the creation of legislation that would become Parsi personal law. Other South Asian communities also turned to law, but none seem to have done so earlier or in more pronounced ways than the Parsis.

Law and Identity in Colonial South Asia: Parsi Legal Culture, 1772–1947

The British Empire created channels for imperially intended movement. Commodities, bodies, and ideas flowed along axes structured by imperial law and technology. Unintended motion also occurred along these same planes. With every legal structure meant to promote one type of behavior came litigants devising strategies to achieve the opposite. Collusion, bribery, forgery, and perjury were favorite ways to manipulate imperial law. The more permissible strategy of forum shopping was another. Forum shopping is the attempt to push one's case into a jurisdiction promising an optimal result when there is ambiguity over the controlling jurisdiction. It reveals the perception among litigants that bottom-up—and sideways—mechanics exist within legal systems. Unlike work on resistance to state law through extralegal means, I here examine the ways parties tried to work strategically within the confines of the legal system to reconfigure their marital situations. Rather than documenting the success of these maneuvers, however, I note their more common failure. The colonial courts usually saw through unconvincing attempts to forum shop. The fact that litigants continued to try reflects the ingenuity, arguably, of the “legal lottery” mechanism at work in British imperial law. Colonial law, and therefore colonial rule, reinforced its hold on subjects by dangling before them the possibility of individual relief through rule-of-law proceduralism.

The Marital Patchwork of Colonial South Asia: Forum Shopping from Britain to Baroda

Through a survey of 19 leading cases on Islamic dower and divorce between 1855 and 1924, this article explores the ways in which judges acted as semi-autonomous agents by undermining the colonial l...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/001946460804600104

Mitra Sharafi

Papers

A New History of Colonial Lawyering: Likhovski and Legal Identities in the British Empire

Bella's case : Parsi identity and the law in colonial Rangoon, Bombay and London, 1887-1925

Law and Identity in Colonial South Asia: Parsi Legal Culture, 1772–1947

The Marital Patchwork of Colonial South Asia: Forum Shopping from Britain to Baroda

The semi-autonomous judge in colonial India: Chivalric imperialism meets Anglo-Islamic dower and divorce law