Showing papers by "Mitsuo Miyazawa published in 2005"

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by bicyclic monoterpenoids.

Abstract: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 17 kinds of bicyclic monoterpenoids was investigated. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are contained in many kinds of essential oils. Inhibition of AChE was measured according to the colorimetric method. 3.1.1 and 4.1.0 bicyclic hydrocarbons with allylic methyl group showed strong inhibition. (+)- and (−)-α-pinene and (+)-3-carene were potent inhibitors of AChE. 3.1.1 and 2.2.1 bicyclic alcohols and ketones showed weak inhibition. 3.1.1 and 4.1.0 bicyclic hydrocarbons with allylic methyl group were found to be uncompetitive inhibitors. Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; bicyclic monoterpenoids; inhibition of enzyme activity; uncompetitive inhibitor

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by tea tree oil and constituent terpenoids

Abstract: In vitro inhibition of bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by tea tree oil was investigated. The main constituents in the tea tree oil batch used for the analysis of AChE inhibition were terpinen-4-ol (35.6%), γ-terpinene (19.5%), α-terpinene (8.3%), p-cymene (7.2%) and 1,8-cineole (4.4%). AChE was measured by a colorimetric method. IC50 values were obtained for tea tree oil and α-pinene and were 51.2 µg/ml and 57.1 µg/ml, respectively. Tea tree oil was found to contain mixed-type inhibitors; a mixture of main constituents and main constituents showed competitive inhibition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Inhibitory Compounds of α-Glucosidase Activity from Arctium lappa L.

Abstract: Methanol extract from Arctium lappa L. showed an inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase. The methanol extract was re-extracted with ethyl acetate and water. The ethyl acetate extract showed inhibitory activity. The inhibitory compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract and identified as sitosterol-β -D-glucopyranoside (1) by EI-MS, FAB-MS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Compound 1 inhibited 97.3% of α-glucosidase activity at a concentration of 200.0 μ mol/mL, and the ID50 (50% inhibition dose) value was 30 μ mol/mL. In addition, the inhibitory compounds from the ethyl acetate extract were also identified as methyl palmitate (2), methyl linoleate (3) and methyl linoleneate (4) by GC-MS analysis. Compound 2-4 inhibited 73.4%, 66.5% and 68.5% of α-glucosidase activity at a concentration of 200 μ mol/mL, and the ID50 values were 52.8, 47.5 and 46.7 μ mol/mL. To research the structure-activity relationship, methyl steareate (5), methyl oleate (6), palmitic acid (7), linoleic acid (8), linolenic acid (9), stearic acid (10) and oleic acid (11) were also assayed.

Suppression of the SOS-inducing activity of mutagenic heterocyclic amine, Trp-P-1, by triterpenoid from Uncaria sinensis in the Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 Umu test.

Abstract: The methanol extract from Uncaria sinensis showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of the SOS response in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 against the mutagen 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3b]indole (Trp-P-1), which requires liver metabolizing enzymes. The methanol extract from U. sinensis was re-extracted with hexane, CH2Cl2, BuOH, and water, respectively. CH2Cl2 extract showed a suppressive effect. A suppressive compound 1 in CH2Cl2 extract was isolated by SiO2 column chromatography. Compound 1 was identified as ursolic acid by IR, electron ionization EI-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. Suppressive effects of ursolic acid (1) and its derivatives, methyl ursolate (1M), acetylursolic acid (1A), and methyl acetylursolate (1MA), were determined in the umu test. These compounds suppressed 61.3, 37.7, 71.5, and 37.8% of the Trp-P-1-induced SOS response at a concentration of 0.4 μmol/mL, respectively. The ID50 values of compounds 1 and 1A were 0.17 and 0.20 μmol/mL. In addition, these compounds wer...

Volatile components of the leaves of Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis Bailey

Abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves of Brassica rapa Linn. var. perviridis Bailey has been investigated by GC and GC–MS. The leaf essential oil was found to contain 48 volatile components, representing 94.0–96.6% of the oil, which were characterized. The main constituents were 3-butenylisothiocyanate (1.4–29.2%), 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate (8.2–23.5%), 2-methyl 5-hexenenitrile (1.3–16.8%), 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (7.0–13.7%) and phytol (6.1–23.5%). The essential oil from the leaves of B. rapa was characterized by a high content of sulphur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Components of Essential Oil from Woods of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.

Abstract: The compositions of the essential oil from woods of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. (ume), have been investigated by capillary GC and GC/MS. The oil was found to contain 97 components, representing 92.41% of the total oil. The main constituents were 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (15.83%), α-acorenol (9.36%), (Z)-α-bisabolene (7.49%), benzaldehyde (3.87%), isopropyltiglate (3.84%), terpinen-4-ol (3.41%).

Synthesis and Characterization of New Ascorbic Derivative: Sodium Isostearyl 2-O-L-Ascorbyl Phosphate

Abstract: A novel alkyl ester of Vitamin C derivative, originated in a stable ascorbate derivative, sodium L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (VCP-Na), was chemically synthesized. The thermal stability, surface tension, distribution between organic and water phase, and in vitro skin permeability were evaluated. This monoalkyl ester derivative was identified as sodium isostearyl 2-O-L-ascorbyl phosphate (VCP-IS-Na) by UV spectra, infrared spectra, mass spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reaction afforded VCP-IS-Na in a high yield (60%). VCP-IS-Na exhibited satisfactory stability in neutral solution comparable to that of a typical stable derivative, VCP-Na. Increased skin permeability was superior to those of VCP-Na and ascorbic acid (VC). VCP-IS-Na that is susceptible to the enzymatic hydrolysis by tissue esterase and/or phosphatase released VC in the skin tissues. Thus, these characteristics indicate that the novel Vitamin C derivative presented here, VCP-IS-Na, may be effective pro-Vitamin C for skin care application.

Functional pickled plum and method for producing the same

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide pickled plum having further increased in functionality compared to conventional pickled plum. SOLUTION: The pickled plum has functionality, i.e., contribution to health promotion through changing the kind of salt for salting followed by pickling in the salt. The pickled plum is for instance, pickled plum increased in content of lignan which suppresses motility of helicobacter prolii. In more details, the pickled plum is obtained by soaking not in conventionally used salt which has high content of sodium chloride, but in salt which contains ≥80.0 wt.% of sodium chloride and has 1.0 wt.% or above of the total content of magnesium and calcium based on sodium content. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Volatile components of Cirsium japonicum DC.

Abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oil from the fresh flower, root part and dried rootstock (crude drug) of Cirsium japonicum DC. was determined by GC and GC/MS. As a result, 29 components, which amounted to 94.5% and 97.3% of the total components detected, were identified in the fresh flower and root oils, respectively. The major component of the fresh root oil was aplotaxene (78.8%), and the main component of the fresh flower oil was hexadecanoic acid (28.1%). The root oil was rich in aplotaxenes, while the flower oil was rich in aliphatic acids and hydrocarbons. On the other hand, 67 components, which amounted to 92.6% of the total components detected, were identified in the oils of dried rootstock, with hexadecanoic acid (14.4%), caryophyllene oxide (12.6%), khusinol (6.3%), pentadecanoic acid (6.3%) and myristic acid (4.7%) as the major components. The dried root oil was rich in sesquiterpenoids.