A review was presented to demonstrate a historical description of the synthesis of light-emitting conjugated polymers for applications in electroluminescent devices. Electroluminescence (EL) was first reported in poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) in 1990 and researchers continued to make significant efforts to develop conjugated materials as the active units in light-emitting devices (LED) to be used in display applications. Conjugated oligomers were used as luminescent materials and as models for conjugated polymers in the review. Oligomers were used to demonstrate a structure and property relationship to determine a key polymer property or to demonstrate a technique that was to be applied to polymers. The review focused on demonstrating the way polymer structures were made and the way their properties were controlled by intelligent and rational and synthetic design.

Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices

White organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) have advanced over the last twelve years to the extent that these devices are now being considered as efficient solid-state lighting sources. Initially, WOLEDs were targeted towards display applications for use primarily as liquid-crystal display backlights. Now, their power efficiencies have surpassed those of incandescent sources due to improvements in device architectures, synthesis of novel materials, and the incorporation of electrophosphorescent emitters. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of several WOLED architectures in terms of efficiency and color quality. Hindrances to their widespread acceptance as solid-state lighting sources are also noted.

White Organic Light‐Emitting Devices for Solid‐State Lighting

A comprehensive review of the literature on electron transport materials (ETMs) used to enhance the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is presented. The structure−property−performance relationships of many classes of ETMs, both small-molecule- and polymer-based, that have been widely used to improve OLED performance through control of charge injection, transport, and recombination are highlighted. The molecular architecture, electronic structure (electron affinity and ionization potential), thin film processing, thermal stability, morphology, and electron mobility of diverse organic ETMs are discussed and related to their effectiveness in improving OLED performance (efficiency, brightness, and drive voltage). Some issues relating to the experimental procedures for the estimation of relevant material properties such as electron affinity and electron mobility are discussed. The design of multifunctional electroluminescent polymers whereby light emission and electron- and hole-transport pro...

Electron Transport Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Polymers for flexible displays: From material selection to device applications

The coupling of surface plasmons and excitons in organic materials can improve the performance of organic optoelectronic devices. Here, we prepare carbon-dot-supported silver nanoparticles (CD–Ag nanoparticles) using the carbon dots both as a reducing agent and a template to fabricate solution-processable polymer light-emitting diodes and polymer solar cells. The surface plasmon resonance effect of CD–Ag nanoparticles allows significant radiative emission and additional light absorption, leading to remarkably enhanced current efficiency of 27.16 cd A−1 and a luminous efficiency of 18.54 lm W−1 in polymer light-emitting diodes as well as a power conversion efficiency of 8.31% and an internal quantum efficiency of 99% in polymer solar cells compared with control devices (current efficiency = 11.65 cd A−1 and luminous efficiency = 6.33 lm W−1 in polymer light-emitting diodes; power conversion efficiency = 7.53% and internal quantum efficiency = 91% in polymer solar cells). These results demonstrate that CD–Ag nanoparticles constitute a versatile and effective route for achieving high-performance polymer optoelectronic devices. The coupling of surface plasmons and excitons in organic materials can improve the performance of organic optoelectronic devices. Carbon-dot-supported silver nanoparticles have now been used to improve the efficiency of polymer light-emitting diodes and polymer solar cells.

Versatile surface plasmon resonance of carbon-dot-supported silver nanoparticles in polymer optoelectronic devices

A new series of high brightness and luminance efficient poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV)-based electroluminescent (EL) polymers, poly[2-{4-[5-(4-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl]phenyloxy}-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (Oxa-PPV), poly[2-{2-((3,7-dimethyloctyl)oxy)phenoxy}-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (DMOP-PPV), and their corresponding random copolymers, poly{[2-{4-[5-(4-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl]phenyloxy}-1,4-phenylenevinylene]-co-[2-{2-((3,7-dimethyloctyl)oxy) phenoxy}-1,4-phenylenevinylene]} (Oxa-PPV-co-DMOP-PPV), with an electron-deficient 1,3,4-oxadiazole unit on the side groups, were synthesized through the Gilch polymerization method. The newly designed and synthesized asymmetric molecular structures of Oxa-PPV, DMOP-PPV, and Oxa-PPV-co-DMOP-PPV were completely soluble in common organic solvents, and defect-free optical thin film was easily spin-coated onto the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. Oxa-PPV shows a high glass transition temperature (Tg), which might be an...

Mock-Yeon Kim

Papers

High-efficiency poly(p-phenylenevinylene)-based copolymers containing an oxadiazole pendant group for light-emitting diodes.

Study on the Application of Environmental Assessment of Recycling of Domestic Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil for Naphtha Utilization