Human Development Report 2006

Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Cabinet Secretariat, Establishment Division year book

A slew of participatory and community-demand-driven approaches have emerged in order to address the multi-dimensional nature of poverty in developing nations. The present study identifies critical factors responsible for poverty alleviation in India with the aid of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) deployed for showcasing causal reasoning. It is through FCM-based simulations that the study evaluates the efficacy of existing poverty alleviation approaches, including community organisation based micro-financing, capability and social security, market-based and good governance. Our findings confirm, to some degree, the complementarity of various approaches to poverty alleviation that need to be implemented simultaneously for a comprehensive poverty alleviation drive. FCM-based simulations underscore the need for applying an integrated and multi-dimensional approach incorporating elements of various approaches for eradicating poverty, which happens to be a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Besides, the study offers policy implications for the design, management, and implementation of poverty eradication programmes. On the methodological front, the study enriches FCM literature in the areas of knowledge capture, sample adequacy, and robustness of the dynamic system model.

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Evaluating poverty alleviation strategies in a developing country.

This study’s impetus is to explore fresh evidence to answer the question, i.e., whether remittances asymmetrically influence financial development in Bangladesh from 1975 to 2019. The study employs several tests, i.e., nonlinear unit root test, Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL), NARDL, and asymmetric causality test for establishing the pattern of association. Nonlinear unit root tests confirm that variables follow a nonlinear system of being stationary after the first difference. nonlinearity among variables is investigated by performing the BDS test and nonlinear OLS. Directional causality is investigated through both linear and nonlinear effects of remittance inflows by following the non-granger casualty test. The test statistics of Fpass and tBDM showed the Long-run cointegration in the empirical model and positive effect running from remittances inflow to financial development both in the long-run and short-run. Furthermore, the results of a standard Wald test divulge the presence of long-run and short-run asymmetry. Asymmetry causality test established unidirectional causality due to positive and negative shocks in remittances inflows to Bank-based financial development and feedback hypothesis hold for explaining causality between positive and negative shocks in remittance inflows and Stock-based financial development.

https://www.koreascience.kr:443/article/JAKO202106438543227.pdf

The Role of Remittances in Financial Development: Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL and Asymmetric Causality

An economic analysis of poverty in the agricultural sector : a case study of Indonesia : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Economics at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand

. Remittance is a considerable source to influence the national economy. As the growing volume of remittance earning has positive impact on income, growth and poverty reduction, the potential contribution for improving quality of life of the domestic people need to be investigated. The main objective of the study was to analyse the contribution of remittance earning on the quality of life in Bangladesh. For the quality of life, HDI index, extensively accepted index consisting income, education and life expectancy, is used. This study covers the data for HDI and remittance earning from 1981 to 2011. The study employed the VEC (Vector Error Correction) model to analysis the desired relation between the variables. The estimated result shows the long run causality running from remittance to HDI. This result implies that the remittance has an influence on the quality of living in long run. To improve the quality of life, the government have the better choice to emphasis on the bottom level people for emigration after suitable training so that they can earn more; consequently send more remittances to their home country. Keywords. Workers, Remittance, Quality of life. JEL. F24, J24, I25.

http://kspjournals.org/index.php/TER/article/download/328/516

Role of Remittance for Improving Quality of Life: Evidence from Bangladesh

From the last two decades, Bangladesh has experienced a rapid decline in birth rate and childhood mortality rate simultaneously. Due to increase in literacy rate, per capita income, more awareness about life, and better nutrition, life expectancy has also increased rapidly in Bangladesh. As a result, the increase in population and life expectancy undeniably has an impact on the demographic profile of the population. As a disaster prone and large populated country with limited resources, a big share of population is still poor and vulnerable. To tackle the situation a large scale social safety net (SSN) programs with grants cash, in-kind or both for targeted people have been implementing by the government and non-government organization. This paper is an attempt to provide an overview of the current SSN program implemented by the government. Considering existing literature and document, this paper identifies three models of SSN transfers: natural shocked-based, extreme poverty-based and age-based transfers model. It concludes that coverage and amount of age-based transfer need to increase at priority basis as the number of elderly increases over the year. It also concludes that for extreme poverty reduction the coverage and amount of benefit as last resort of other two transfer models can be revised. Keywords: social safety nets, demographic change, vulnerability, elderly, and poverty

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Social Safety Nets Programs in Bangladesh: Preparing for Adaption to Demographic Change, Disaster, and Poverty Reduction

This study examines the effect of ICT progress on economic growth by constructing an ICT diffusion index. Along with ICT, this study further investigates the role of financial development and the combined impact of ICT and financial development on growth in 10 Asian developing economies covering the period 2001–2017. To analyze the panel data, this study employed the ARDL model and estimated the Pooled Mean Group estimator. The estimated results reveal a significant positive long-run relationship between financial expansion and economic progress. While ICT hurts economic growth on its own, it has a significant positive impact when combined with financial development. The robustness of the results has been verified by Fully-Modified OLS (FMOLS) and Dynamic OLS (DOLS) estimations. To promote enduring economic growth in Asian developing countries, the paper recommends ensuring inclusive financial development combined with modern ICT.

An analysis on the relationship between ICT, financial development and economic growth: Evidence from Asian developing countries

Bangladesh is a developing and poorer country in the world. The 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) indicates around 31.6 percent of its population lives under the national poverty line. This has led to the implementation of many social safety net (SSN) programs to address the issue of poverty. In the fiscal year 2009/10, the Bangladesh government allocated 15.22 percent of total budget for SSN program that accounts to 2.52 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the SSNs programs on level of poverty reduction in Bangladesh. The study employs time series analysis on the 1996 – 2010 spending on SSN and poverty rate data. Statistical analysis indicates negative relationship between SSN expenditure and poverty rates. This implies that SSNs programs have reached the struggling poor as well as have helped the deprived part of the country’s people to pick them up of poverty situation.

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An Investigation of Social Safety Net Programs as Means of Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh

A large scale social safety net (SSN) programs with grants cash or in-kind for targeted people such as children, elderly, and women have been implementing by the government and non-government organization in Bangladesh. Among the other group of people, women are considered more vulnerable due to social and economic point of views, particularly rural and elderly women. To protect them, government has taken some special SSN program like old age allowance, widow and destitute allowance, allowance for lactating poor mothers. Current demographic trend shows that number of women in different age group increases, especially elderly women. This article focuses on whether the currently operated programs by the government are sufficient in terms of benefit and number of qualified women in different age group for the benefit. In view of existing literature and documents, it is found that a small number of qualified women for the benefit are getting government provided benefits. Besides, amount of receiving benefit is also negligible taking into account the living expenses. For social and economic stability, government needs to extend the benefits amount and number of beneficiaries.

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Mohammad Abdul Hannan Pradhan

Papers

Role of Remittance for Improving Quality of Life: Evidence from Bangladesh

Social Safety Nets Programs in Bangladesh: Preparing for Adaption to Demographic Change, Disaster, and Poverty Reduction

An analysis on the relationship between ICT, financial development and economic growth: Evidence from Asian developing countries

An Investigation of Social Safety Net Programs as Means of Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh

A Review of Social Safety Nets Programs for Women in Bangladesh: Issue and Challenges