Recent trends in electrolytes for supercapacitors

Environmental impact of increased soap consumption during COVID-19 pandemic: Biodegradable soap production and sustainable packaging.

Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) have drawn considerable interest for supercapacitors due to their fascinating features such as large pseudocapacitance, interconnected 3D porous nanostructure, excellent conductivity, high mechanical strength, inherent flexibility, biocompatibility, scalable processability, environment friendliness and low production cost. The hydrogel active materials having proper contact with the ions of electrolyte offer a high accessible surface area to the electrode. Hierarchical 3D porous structure of CPH facilitates quick electron transfer and ion diffusion within the entire network, resulting in improved electrical and electrochemical properties of a supercapacitor. Besides, the intrinsic softness of hydrogel provides excellent flexibility advantageous for flexible energy storage devices. The present review also incorporates the brief introduction of supercapacitors. An effort is made for a comprehensive review on recent advances in the development of CPH based electrode materials for supercapacitors including CPH composites with carbon materials and metal oxides. It provides an exhaustive reference for the future perspectives of CPH based supercapacitors for consumer and industrial applications.

Conducting polymer hydrogel based electrode materials for supercapacitor applications

The recycling of agricultural and food waste is an effective way to reduce resource waste and ameliorate the shortage of natural resources. The treatment of antibiotic wastewater is a current research hotspot. In this study, waste tea residue was used as a raw material to prepare biochar (T-BC) and loaded with Fe3O4 as a catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for oxidative degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). Analysis techniques such as BET, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS and VSM indicated that the heterogeneous catalyst (Fe3O4@T-BC) with good surface properties and magnetic properties was successfully prepared. The results of batch-scale experiments illustrated that when the dose of the Fe3O4@T-BC catalyst was 1 g L−1, the concentration of PMS was 1 g L−1, and the initial pH was 7, the degradation rate of TCH with a concentration of 50 mg L−1 reached 97.89% after 60 minutes of reaction. When the initial pH was 11, the degradation rate of TCH reached 99.86%. After the catalyst was recycled four times using an external magnet, the degradation rate of TCH could still reach 71.32%. The data of removal of TCH could be best fitted by a pseudo-first-order model. The analysis of the degradation mechanism through a free radical quenching experiment and EPR analysis, as well as the exploration of TCH intermediate products and reaction paths through the LC-MS method, all confirmed that the Fe3O4@T-BC prepared by this method is expected to become a cost-effective and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for activating persulfate degradation of tetracycline antibiotics.

/pdf/peroxymonosulfate-activation-by-tea-residue-biochar-loaded-66elejj6yb.pdf

Peroxymonosulfate activation by tea residue biochar loaded with Fe3O4 for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride: performance and reaction mechanism

Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) have drawn considerable interest for supercapacitors due to their fascinating features such as large pseudocapacitance, interconnected 3D porous nanostructure, excellent conductivity, high mechanical strength, inherent flexibility, biocompatibility, scalable processability, environment friendliness and low production cost. The hydrogel active materials having proper contact with the ions of electrolyte offer a high accessible surface area to the electrode. Hierarchical 3D porous structure of CPH facilitates quick electron transfer and ion diffusion within the entire network, resulting in improved electrical and electrochemical properties of a supercapacitor. Besides, the intrinsic softness of hydrogel provides excellent flexibility advantageous for flexible energy storage devices. The present review also incorporates the brief introduction of supercapacitors. An effort is made for a comprehensive review on recent advances in the development of CPH based electrode materials for supercapacitors including CPH composites with carbon materials and metal oxides. It provides an exhaustive reference for the future perspectives of CPH based supercapacitors for consumer and industrial applications. 

Nowadays, with the increasing world demands for cost-effective and clean energy storage systems, Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted attention more than ever. So, this review provides a comprehensive report of the strategies, synthesis methods, applications, and electrochemical studies over different types of Functionalized Graphene Oxides (FGOs) and their composites in the development of SCs. The results of several investigations on the materials used in SCs, such as novel Transition Metal Oxides (TMOs), Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Conductive polymers, and Biomass-based FGOs, as well as their composites (binary and ternary), were discussed in detail. These materials have been considered essential parts of SCs development in recent years due to their unique properties. Also, the ways to fabricate Graphene-based electrode materials, along with the standard fabrication methods for energy storage devices, are entirely explained. Furthermore, this article reviewed the impact of the electrode materials morphology and the influence of the electrode components on the performance of the SCs.

Review on innovative sustainable nanomaterials to enhance the performance of supercapacitors

In this review, the issue of food recycling was comprehensively studied from the perspective of recent research. Firstly, the concept of circular economy and its application in reducing waste production and the strategies for waste reduction (waste prevention) were discussed. The concept suggests that we can produce less waste from the beginning to reduce costs for recycling, instead of generating much waste for recycling through specific approaches. Secondly, the results of several investigations on the recycling of various food wastes, which have been less considered important parts of waste management, such as university waste, agricultural waste, food industry waste, and spent coffee ground (SCG) waste, were discussed in detail. Finally, various methods for recycling and sustaining food wastes (improving the rates of recycling) and their application in aforementioned sections were comprehensively presented.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42824-021-00017-3.pdf

Mohammad Bigdeloo

Papers

Review on innovative sustainable nanomaterials to enhance the performance of supercapacitors

Sustainability and Circular Economy of Food Wastes: Waste Reduction Strategies, Higher Recycling Methods, and Improved Valorization