https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1797952/1-s2.0-S0140673618322797-main.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/164632/2/01_Bin%2bSayeed_Global%252C_regional%252C_and_national_2018.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, andyears lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematicanalysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/259213304/PIIS0140673620309259.pdf

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Introduction: One of the most important problems of premature infants and main reason of hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is their low birth weight. They need gavage for feeding which has several side effects. Thus choosing appropriate nutritional interventions in premature infants decreases gavage-related complications and results in lower duration of hospitalization. Methods: In this clinical trial study premature infants were randomly allocated to two intervention and control groups. Both groups underwent routine care. Intervention group infants received abdominal massage 15 minutes twice a day for five days by a trained physiotherapist using moisturizing lotion based on the method described in previous studies. Results: Eventually 28 infants (15 male and 13 female) with a mean gestational age of 32.43±1.16 weeks in intervention and 33±0.88 weeks in control group underwent analysis (p=0.15). Mean gastric residual volume was 0.71±1.13 ml in intervention and 1.43±1.55 ml in control group prior to intervention (p=0.2). It was 1.93±2.43 ml in intervention and 4.71±4.25 ml in control group in the fifth day of intervention (p=0.04). Before intervention, mean weight was 1830±330 gr in intervention and 1870±370 gr in control group (p=0.82). In the fifth day of intervention mean weight was 1871±323.15 gr in intervention group and 1767±347.24 gr in control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion our findings suggest that abdominal massage efficiently decreases gastric residual volume and helps with weight gain in preterm infants.

Effect of Abdominal Massage on Gastric Residual Volume and Weight Gain of Premature Infants Admitted in NICU

Introduction: Cochlear implantation has been mentioned as the most effective therapeutic intervention in deaf patients and especially those with post-lingual deafness. We aimed to assess hearing improvement of post-lingually deaf patients after cochlear implantation. Materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study all the post-lingually deaf patients who had undergone cochlear implantation (CI) surgery between December 2010 and February 2016 were assessed. Patients were recalled and after explaining the study process and signing an informed consent form, an audiometry was done by a single audiologist. In addition, demographic information, cause of hearing loss, age of onset, history of hearing aid use and surgical complications were recorded in a pre-designed checklist. Results: Twenty-nine male and 21 female with a mean age of 22.52±19.45 years underwent analysis. Most of patients (80%) had progressed condition since childhood. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) was the most prevalent (10%) known etiology of deafness followed by meningitis (6%), Trauma (2%) and ototoxic drugs (2%) in the remaining 20% of the patients. Patients had the highest mean (37.1±12.61 dB) in 4000 Hz frequency and the lowest mean of hearing threshold level (32.6±8.37 dB) was for 1000 Hz frequency. Mean hearing threshold level was significantly lower in patients with lower ages of cochlear implantation (p=0.435). Patients with higher ages of deafness onset showed lower degree of hearing improvement (p=0.462). Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that cochlear implantation significantly improves hearing function of post-lingual patients and can be considered as a certain cure for these patients in Iran

/pdf/outcomes-of-cochlear-implantation-in-post-lingually-deaf-46jtk26dfc.pdf

Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Post-lingually Deaf Patients.

A silent disease is a chronic illness without clear clinical symptoms, and is diagnosed at an advanced stage when there is irreversible damage. Increasingly, automatic machine methods are used for early diagnosis to reduce complications associated with diseases. The performance of previous automated methods, however, was plagued by uncertainty, lack of generalizability, and unreliability. Using the feature aggregation approach and optimized learning, this paper proposes a hybrid model incorporating iterative neighborhood component analysis (iNCA). Using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, which has been optimized from the water cycle algorithm (WCA) in the direction of classification, the best results have been reported from the classification of several types of diseases. A key feature of the WCA algorithm is its ability to find the global optimum. When selecting features, the method works rapidly and selects the subset of features that has the lowest error level. In this research, accuracy of diagnostics will be improved and the effects of overfitting will be reduced. We obtained the desired medical data from the UCI database, which contains diseases such as hepatitis, diabetes, kidney failure, and breast cancer datasets. As compared to similar methods that have been published in the last few years for automatic detection of silent diseases, it can be predicted that the results will be better.

A decision-making system for medical diagnosis based on iterative nearest component analysis and optimized learning

Dear Editor-in-Chief

We read with a great interest the article written by Lee and colleagues entitled "Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk of Compensated Cirrhosis Patients with Elevated HBV DNA Levels according to Serum Aminotransferase Levels" which was recently published in your Journal of Korean Medical Science (1). The authors concluded the beneficial effects of prescribing appropriate anti-viral therapy (AVT) for reducing HCC risk in cirrhotic patients with elevated HBV DNA and normal aminotransferase levels. They have done a valuable work with an appropriate sample size which has considered a really challenging and important subject in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Despite our interest to the results of the Lee et al. study there are some challenging points about their work; so some comments may be of benefit. The first, the authors have claimed that high levels of ALT were associated with higher risk of HCC in patients with high HBV DNA level. Regarding available data, there is an overlap between high ALT and high HBV DNA levels in their study where they both increase the chance of HCC independently (2). Also high ALT level may be related to high HBV DNA level or possible non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in the study individuals that will enhance the risk of HCC (3). Due to limitations of retrospective studies, no information was provided regarding patients??BMI by Lee et al. for considering this subject in their study. Another important issue is that the authors have concluded that AVT duration is associated with lower HCC risk in patients with normal aminotransferase levels and suggested prompt AVT to be considered in these patients. This conclusion involves providing more evidence since there are efficient data on higher risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B patients with high ALT and HBV DNA levels. However, it is difficult to conclude that AVT can have protective effect on HCC in patients with normal ALT level, high HBV DNA level and without liver damage; as it has been shown that these patients could be considered as HBV inactive carriers (IC) regarding treatment (4). On the other hand, it was concluded that treatment naive patients who underwent AVT may have even higher risk of HCC development than patients with inactive stage CHB (5). Previous data have clarified the role of HBs Ag in differentiation of CHB from IC patients; however it was mentioned not to be cost-effective (6). It was concluded that CHB patients had higher levels of HBV DNA, HBs Ag and ALT levels in comparison with IC patients (6). In conclusion we appreciate the valuable effort of the authors, however we are wondering if we could kindly ask them to interpret better our concerns.

/pdf/letter-to-the-editor-should-we-really-take-anti-viral-2t262ykp94.pdf

Letter to the Editor: Should We Really Take Anti-Viral Therapy into Account in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Normal Liver Function?

One of the methods to solve the inverse problem of electrical impedance tomography is D-bar method, which is the direct and no repetition solution. In this method, a specific operator called a is used. In the D-bar integral equation, range of integration is considered a circle with the center of origin of coordinates and radius R. This integration is non-zero value only for $k$ ≤ | $R$ |. In this equation, the used radius R, is effective in the resolution of the reconstructed image. In this paper, we used genetic algorithm to obtain the best radius to produce the optimized image with minimum mean square error. Therefore, the considered model was meshed up to three stages, by increasing the discretization nodes and implemented genetic algorithm was evaluated on it. We showed that the optimum radius was increased and mean square error was decreased at each step.

Mohammad Hossein Khosravi

Papers

Effect of Abdominal Massage on Gastric Residual Volume and Weight Gain of Premature Infants Admitted in NICU

Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Post-lingually Deaf Patients.

A decision-making system for medical diagnosis based on iterative nearest component analysis and optimized learning

Letter to the Editor: Should We Really Take Anti-Viral Therapy into Account in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Normal Liver Function?

Accurate Reconstruction of Electrical Impedance Tomography Images Using Genetic Algorithm