Certain strains of Escherichia coli behave as pathogens in dogs and cats causing gastro-intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Among the five known groups of diarrhoeagenic E. coli, namely enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC), only EPEC and ETEC were clearly associated with enteric disease in young dogs. ETEC isolates from diarrhoeic dogs were found to be positive for the heat-stable enterotoxins STa and STb but negative for heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Canine ETEC were found to be different from those of other animals and humans by their serotypes, production of alpha-haemolysin and adhesive factors and by the production of uncharacterized types of enterotoxins by some ETEC. Canine EPEC could be distinguished from EPEC of humans or other animals by their serotypes and by the eae-protein intimin which mediates intimate adherence of EPEC to intestinal mucosa cells. STEC were occasionally isolated from faeces of healthy and diarrhoeic dogs but their role in canine diarrhoea is not yet well known. EIEC and EAggEC were not reported to occur in dogs or cats. Very little is known on diarrhoegenic E. coli in cats and further epidemiological investigations on this subject are needed. Besides its role in gastro-intestinal infections, E. coli can cause infections of the urogenital tract and systemic disease in dogs and cats. Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli strains from dogs and cats belong to a limited number of serotypes and clonal groups and are frequently found as a part of the normal gut flora of these animals. Many of these E. coli strains carry P-fimbriae and produce alpha-haemolysin and a necrotizing cytotoxin (CNF1). Some of the frequently isolated types of extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli from dogs, cats and humans were found to be highly genetically related but showed differences in their P-fimbrial adhesins which determine host specificity. Transmission of extra-intestinal and enteral pathogenic E. coli between dogs and humans was reported. Further research is needed, however, to determine the role of dogs and cats as transmission vectors of pathogenic E. coli strains to other animals and humans.

Escherichia coli as a pathogen in dogs and cats [Escherichia coli infections, diarrhoea, extra-intestinal diseases, virulence factors]

1 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, Uganda. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda. Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Uganda.

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High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Serotype O157: H7 among Pastoral Communities in Rural Uganda

Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Ibn Sina University Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq,

/pdf/molecular-detection-of-rfbo157-shiga-toxins-and-hemolysin-10ovh8kym4.pdf

Molecular detection of rfbO157, shiga toxins and hemolysin genes for Escherichia coli O157: H7 from canine feces in Tikrit and Mosul cities, Iraq

The main objective of this study was to detect the virulence of E. coli O157:H7 by using Congo red dye and to determine the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility for twenty six isolates of E. coli O157:H7 obtained from Department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad isolated from diarrheic and non- diarrheic dogs found in Baghdad Province, the study extended from March 2015 to August 2015. Seven antimicrobial discs were used in this study Chloramphenicol (30µg), Ampicillin (10µg), Trimethoprim plus sulfa (1.25 µg), Ciprofloxacin (5µg), Erythromycin(15µg), Gentamycin (120 µg), Cephalexin (30 µg), Trimethoprim(5 µg). The result showed that 24 isolates gave a positive result for Congo red, whereas only two isolates give a negative result. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility showed that the isolates susceptible to Ciprofloxacin at a percentage (80.76%) followed by gentamycin and trimethoprim plus sulfa at a percentage (53.84 % ; 46.15 %) respectively. In conclusion, isolates of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from fecal samples from diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs were having the multidrug resistant phenomena and most of isolates were positive to Congo red dye which indicated this organism as an invasive pathogen.

https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue4/PartH/5-3-284-479.pdf

Detection of virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from pets and stray dogs

A fifty fecal swabs (25 from Anbar province and 25 from Salahuddin province) were collected from both sexes dogs with different global breeds, different ages. These swabs were cultured onto blood , nutrient and MacConkey agars, then the colonies were purified on nutrient and MacConkey agars. A gram stain and biochemical tests were done including catalase, oxidase and TSI. The results of isolation and identification showed that Salmonella spp. were isolated from 5 out of 14 puppies (35.7%), while E. coli from 9 (64.3%) and Serratia spp. from 1(7.1%), whereas, from adults , salmonella spp. isolated from 9 (25%) dogs and E. coli from 24 (66.7%) out of 36 adult dogs.It is concluded that Salmonella spp. and E. coli are the most prevalent in asymptomatic dogs and puppies in Anbar province and Salahuddin which means that the dogs are a reservoir for these bacteria and it is considered as a bad indication for transmission of this pathogen to human being and other animals.

/pdf/isolation-and-identification-of-facultative-anaerobic-474ejh1g83.pdf

Mohammad Jweid Alwan

Papers

Detection of Virulent Genes in E. coli O157:H7 Isolated from Puppies and Adult Dogs by Polymerase Chain Reaction