THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

The major strategies for designing surfaces that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms are reviewed. Biofouling is of great concern in numerous applications ranging from biosensors to biomedical implants and devices, and from food packaging to industrial and marine equipment. The two major approaches to combat surface fouling are based on either preventing biofoulants from attaching or degrading them. One of the key strategies for imparting adhesion resistance involves the functionalization of surfaces with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or oligo(ethylene glycol). Several alternatives to PEG-based coatings have also been designed over the past decade. While protein-resistant coatings may also resist bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation, in order to overcome the fouling-mediated risk of bacterial infection it is highly desirable to design coatings that are bactericidal. Traditional techniques involve the design of coatings that release biocidal agents, including antibiotics, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), and silver, into the surrounding aqueous environment. However, the emergence of antibiotic- and silver-resistant pathogenic strains has necessitated the development of alternative strategies. Therefore, other techniques based on the use of polycations, enzymes, nanomaterials, and photoactive agents are being investigated. With regard to marine antifouling coatings, restrictions on the use of biocide-releasing coatings have made the generation of nontoxic antifouling surfaces more important. While considerable progress has been made in the design of antifouling coatings, ongoing research in this area should result in the development of even better antifouling materials in the future.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201001215

Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms.

Elements Of X Ray Diffraction

A review on the adsorption of heavy metals by clay minerals, with special focus on the past decade

/pdf/studies-in-surface-science-and-catalysis-2ogdlcr44y.pdf

Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis

In this article, the photocatalytic reaction of aniline and 4-amino N, N dimethyl aniline with methanol, ethanol and isopropanol on anatase TiO2 nano-particles under UV (365 nm wavelength) irradiation was examined. The concentration of unreacted aryl amines and products was measured by gas chromatography picks integration, and then the products were identified by mass spectroscopy analysis. By making a comparison within the rates of photocatalysis of each aryl amine in different alcohols under various irradiation times, it was revealed that, in all cases, the sequence of photocatalysis rate was methanol > ethanol > isopropanol. In reactions where the concentrations of aryl amine were lower than 10 mmol/L, imines were the main products and alkylation of amines was not observed. In the higher concentration of aryl amines, oxidation and dimerization occurred.

Photocatalytic reaction of aryl amines/alcohols on TiO2 nanoparticles

Synthesis and characterization of the magnetic supported metal-organic framework catalysts (CuCoBTC@MAC and CuBTC@MAC) for the hydrogen production from sodium borohydride

Objective(s): Three-dimensional structures such as nanofibrous scaffolds are being used in biomedical engineering as well as provide a site for cells to attach and proliferate leading to tissue formation. In the present study, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)/ poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) hybrid nanofibrous scaffold was synthesized by electrospinning. Materials and Methods: The effect of adding nano hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and also Epoxypropoxy-propyl-trimethoxysilane (EPPTMS) as a crosslinking agent on morphology and cell behaviour of the nanofibers was investigated.Results: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed that all kinds of nanofibers represented uniform and well-ordered morphologies without formation of any beads by controlling the synthesis parameters. The average uber diameter of PVP-PVA was 260 nm. n-HA was synthesized by wet chemical process. The synthesized n-HA was characterized by XRD for structural analysis. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that HA particles had nanosized dimensions (in the range of 40-100 nm). The presence of n-HA within electrospun PVP-PVA nanofibers was confirmed by XRD and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The average uber diameter was decreased to 136 nm when n-HA was added in the composition of PVP-PVA. FTIR analysis depicted that PVP-PVA nanofibers were linked to EPPTMS as a biocompatible material by the covalent bond. Although adding n-HA caused to decrease the diameter of PVP-PVA nanofibers, addition of EPPTMS within PVP/PVA/n-HA nanofibers induced increasing distribution of fiber diameter as it enhanced to 195nm. In addition, the proper proliferation of G292 osteoblastic cells without any cytotoxicity was observed for the nanofiber.Conclusion: Since these materials have been known as biomaterials, PVP/PVA/n-HA-EPPTMS nanofibers can be propounded as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering application.

https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_8412_15340fa499e9812b4a717551ef6fa574.pdf

Evaluation of morphology and cell behaviour of a novel synthesized electrospun poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxyapatite nanofibers

This research work is concerned with the bioconversion of a heavy hydrocarbon cut from a petroleum refinery using native anaerobic consortia. The heavy cut is taken from one of the end-cuts of the vacuum distillation column of Tehran refinery which is normally fed into Isomax unit (a catalytic cracking process) called Isofeed. The consortia for this study were prepared from the petroleum-contaminated sludge and soils from Abadan, Shiraz, Isfahan and Tehran petroleum refineries of Iran. Nine microbial samples were collected (A, B, C,and I) and examined. Microorganisms were cultivated in an anaerobic medium to which Isofeed from Tehran refinery was added under anaerobic conditions. After twice sub-culturing the samples, the oil was separated from the liquid and examined to identify its bioconversion extent. For this purpose, a column chromatograph method was used to separate saturates, aromatics and resins content of the oil. The results demonstrate that consortia A and C were able to increase the saturated and aromatics fractions of the oil and reduce the resins content of the oil. The saturated fractions of the bio-treated oil were also analyzed by a GC-MS analytical instrument. The GC-MS results revealed that the amount of normal chain hydrocarbons are reduced and the branched and cyclic hydrocarbons are increased.

Anaerobic Bioconversion of Heavy Hydrocarbons Using Native Consortia

Continuous counter-current extraction of rhenium from roasting dust leach liquor was carried out using a mixer-settler extractor. Tributylphosphate was used as the extractant diluted in kerosene. The effects of the flow rates and extraction stages were investigated. The extraction efficiency was affected by the flow rates of the aqueous and organic phases, and its mechanism was qualitatively discussed on the basis of the stoichiometric relations of the extraction. Rhenium extraction mass balance and simulation in the mixer-settler was also studied. A high rhenium extraction percentage (95.43%) in the phase ratio 1:1 was achieved using a counter-current four-stage extraction process. The continuous counter-current extraction technique was used in this research work showed to be effective for rhenium extraction from the leach solutions of the dust of the molybdenite roasting furnaces.

https://www.ije.ir/article_72295_a239a7cf55a8d61fa145981504c813ef.pdf

Improvement of the Solvent Extraction of Rhenium from Molybdenite Roasting Dust Leaching Solution using Counter-current Extraction by a Mixer-settler Extractor

Mohammad Pazouki

Papers

Photocatalytic reaction of aryl amines/alcohols on TiO2 nanoparticles

Synthesis and characterization of the magnetic supported metal-organic framework catalysts (CuCoBTC@MAC and CuBTC@MAC) for the hydrogen production from sodium borohydride

Evaluation of morphology and cell behaviour of a novel synthesized electrospun poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxyapatite nanofibers

Anaerobic Bioconversion of Heavy Hydrocarbons Using Native Consortia

Improvement of the Solvent Extraction of Rhenium from Molybdenite Roasting Dust Leaching Solution using Counter-current Extraction by a Mixer-settler Extractor