Experimental Psychology Its Scope and Method. IV. Learning and Memory. By Jean-Francois Le Ny, G. De Montpellier, G. Oleron and Cesar Flores. Translated by Louise Elkington. Edited by P. Fraisse and Jean Piaget. Pp. viii + 376. (Routledge and Kegan Paul: London, April 1970.) 80s.

Learning and Memory

Administration of lactobacillus helveticus ns8 improves behavioral, cognitive, and biochemical aberrations caused by chronic restraint stress

What's wrong with my mouse: Behavioral phenotyping of transgenic and knockout mice, J. Crawley. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ (2007), 523 pages, $99.95

Natural rewards, neuroplasticity, and non-drug addictions.

Exercise as a novel treatment for drug addiction: a neurobiological and stage-dependent hypothesis.

:
Introduction: Exercise and physical activity are important factors for human health. It has been reported that exercise can be considerably useful in the treatment of psychological diseases. In the present study the effect of running on Spontaneous electroencephalographic activity (EEG) of rats was investigated.
Method: Male wistar rats weighting 190-250 gr were selected and divided into control and exercise groups. The animals of exercise group were run on treadmill (I hour a day) for duration of two weeks. Then the animals in both groups were anesthetized with urethane and EEGs of them were recorded.
Result: In the exercise group alpha, beta and theta waves significantly increased and delta waves deceased in comparison to the control group.
Discussion: In the present study high frequency- low voltage waves increased and low frequency-high voltage waves decreased in the exercise group. This provides further support to the earlier supposition that increase in high frequency- low voltage waves represent promotion of consciousness. It seems that exercise could increase alertness.

Keywords: Exercise, Waves, Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta, Consciousness

http://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_17583_bc79a9b55e4e3b591d3eee68fd3323cf.pdf

The effect of physical activity on spontaneous electroencephalographic activity in rat

The mechanisms of drug dependence and rewarding properties of opiates are not exactly known and several neurotransmitters seem to be involved. It is possible that the rennin-angiotensin system could interact with the opioid system, since it has been shown that angiotensin II(Ang) and ACE inhibitors have analgesic, anticonvulsant and antidepression effects and in some cases they could antagonize the effect of morphine. In the present study, the effect of Ang II and captopril on withdrawal signs was evaluated. Male wistar rats were anesthetized and i.c.v cannula implanted and allowed to recover from surgery. Morphine was injected (i.p, 3 times a day) for 4 days to induce morphine dependence. The animals were divided into 3 groups and received saline, captopril, Ang II, and i.c.v, before naloxone injection. Naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal signs, compared to the morphine dependent rats in saline, captopril and Ang II groups. Results showed that in the captopril group, some of the withdrawal signs were significantly lower than the saline group (p<0.05 and p<0.01). In the Ang II group, some of the withdrawal signs were greater than the saline group (p<0.01 and p<0.001). Considering the fact that captopril can reduce endogenous opioid degradation, it could probably reduce the morphine withdrawal signs in this way. On the other hand, captopril and Ang II can interact with dopamine, serotonin, substance p, acetylcholine or nitric oxide in different brain regions and alter morphine withdrawal signs.

http://ijpr.sbmu.ac.ir/article_720_0d860d6ef4ef8097d265376e29a6c336.pdf

The Effects of Angiotensin II and Captopril on Expression of Morphine Withdrawal Signs in Rat

The Editor-in-Chief has decided to retract this article [1]. The article shows significant overlap with two prior publications by the same authors [2, 3], without providing the due citation and attribution.

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Retraction Note to: Inhibition of microRNA miR-92a induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in human acute promyelocytic leukemia through modulation of p63 expression.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In many cancers, up- or downregulation of different miRNAs is reported. In acute myeloid leukemia, upregulation of miR-92a-3p was reported in human in vitro studies. We performed blockage of miR-29a-3p in human acute megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line (M-07e) by using locked nucleic acid (LNA) and cell proliferation; apoptosis and necrosis were assessed. At different time points after LNA-anti-miR92a-3p transfection, miR-92a-3p quantitation was assessed by qRT-real-time PCR, MTT assay and annexin/propidium iodide staining were performed. The data were processed using the ANOVA test. At all three time points, the expression of miR-92a-3p was lower in the LNA-anti-miR group compared with the control groups. Cell viability between LNA-Anti-miR and the control group was statistically significant. Blockage of miR-92a-3p was associated with increment of the ratio of apoptotic cells in the LNA-anti-miR group was higher than the other group. The ratio of necrotic cells in the LNA-antimiR group was higher than the other groups. These assessments indicate that miR-92a-3p blockage can decrease the viability of M-07e cells, which is mainly due to induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Our findings could open up a path to a miRNA based therapeutic approach for treatment of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.

/pdf/retraction-note-blockage-of-mir-92a-3p-with-locked-nucleic-1w8paf36n6.pdf

Retraction Note: Blockage of miR-92a-3p with locked nucleic acid induces apoptosis and prevents cell proliferation in human acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.

Mohammad Reza Sharifi

Papers

The effect of physical activity on spontaneous electroencephalographic activity in rat

The Effects of Angiotensin II and Captopril on Expression of Morphine Withdrawal Signs in Rat

Retraction Note to: Inhibition of microRNA miR-92a induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in human acute promyelocytic leukemia through modulation of p63 expression.

Retraction Note: Blockage of miR-92a-3p with locked nucleic acid induces apoptosis and prevents cell proliferation in human acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.