XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

Metal Organic Frameworks in Biomedicine Patricia Horcajada,* Ruxandra Gref, Tarek Baati, Phoebe K. Allan, Guillaume Maurin, Patrick Couvreur, G erard F erey, Russell E. Morris, and Christian Serre* Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Universit e de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France Facult e de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Universit e Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Universit e Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews Purdie Building, St Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K.

Metal-organic frameworks in biomedicine.

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students. By Prof. Louis Goodman and Prof. Alfred Gilman. Pp. xiii + 1383. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941.) 50s. net.

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used to target bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Nanotechnology may be particularly advantageous in treating bacterial infections. Examples include the utilization of NPs in antibacterial coatings for implantable devices and medicinal materials to prevent infection and promote wound healing, in antibiotic delivery systems to treat disease, in bacterial detection systems to generate microbial diagnostics, and in antibacterial vaccines to control bacterial infections. The antibacterial mechanisms of NPs are poorly understood, but the currently accepted mechanisms include oxidative stress induction, metal ion release, and non-oxidative mechanisms. The multiple simultaneous mechanisms of action against microbes would require multiple simultaneous gene mutations in the same bacterial cell for antibacterial resistance to develop; therefore, it is difficult for bacterial cells to become resistant to NPs. In this review, we discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of NPs against bacteria and the factors that are involved. The limitations of current research are also discussed.

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The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: present situation and prospects for the future

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/14053/1/file.pdf

Natural–origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications

Summary An accurate, sensitive, precise, rapid and isocratic reversed-phase HPLC (RPHPLC) method for analysis of buspirone in the bulk drug and in solid dosage formulations has been developed and validated. The best separation was achieved on a 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5-μm particle, RP C18 column with 70:30 (υ/υ) methanol-0.01 m sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1. UV detection was at 244 nm. Response was a linear function of concentration over the range 0.05–20 μg mL−1 (r = 0.9998) and the limits of detection and quantitation were 3.7 and 11.3 ng mL−1, respectively. The method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The drug was subjected to oxidative, hydrolytic, photolytic, and thermal stress. Degradation products produced as a result of this stress did not interfere with detection of buspirone and the assay can thus be regarded as stability-indicating. The method was used for quantification of buspirone in commercial buspirone tablets and t...

Development and validation of a stability-indicating LC-UV method for rapid analysis of buspirone in pharmaceutical dosage forms

Recently the use of medicinal plants has attracted great attention and has gained its application instead of being a new synthetic chemical entity. Several literatures have reported that herbal medicines have been used traditionally and were clinically applied to cure and prevent several diseases. There lower toxicity and low price as compared to synthetic drugs make them an obvious selection in the treatment of many diseases. Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black cumin, has been utilized as a medicinal plant since ancient times. Volatile oils of N. sativa mainly contain thymoquinone (TQ) as one of the main active components. It is the most effected constituent and have several pharmacological properties like anti-tumor, anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The encapsulation of herbal drug into the nanoscaffold makes them more effective than the traditional dosage form. The drug nanoscaffold able to enhance the therapeutic potential by enhancing the bioavailability and targeting. The present chapter highlights the application of Nigella sativa/thymoquinone loaded nanoscaffold by encapsulating to various delivery systems and also proven against several types of diseases.

Nigella sativa Encapsulated Nano-Scaffolds and Their Bioactivity Significance

Engineering of QbD driven and ultrasonically shaped lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles for Apigenin in the management of skin cancer.

Phytoconstituents based nanomedicines for the management of psoriasis

Development and evaluation of biodegradable polymeric lomustine nanofibres for the efficient tumor targeting: In vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation and degradation study

Mohd. Aqil

Papers

Development and validation of a stability-indicating LC-UV method for rapid analysis of buspirone in pharmaceutical dosage forms

Nigella sativa Encapsulated Nano-Scaffolds and Their Bioactivity Significance

Engineering of QbD driven and ultrasonically shaped lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles for Apigenin in the management of skin cancer.

Phytoconstituents based nanomedicines for the management of psoriasis

Development and evaluation of biodegradable polymeric lomustine nanofibres for the efficient tumor targeting: In vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation and degradation study