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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Are Power Line Communications (PLC) a good candidate for Smart Grid applications? The objective of this paper is to address this important question. To do so, we provide an overview of what PLC can deliver today by surveying its history and describing the most recent technological advances in the area. We then address Smart Grid applications as instances of sensor networking and network control problems and discuss the main conclusions one can draw from the literature on these subjects. The application scenario of PLC within the Smart Grid is then analyzed in detail. Because a necessary ingredient of network planning is modeling, we also discuss two aspects of engineering modeling that relate to our question. The first aspect is modeling the PLC channel through fading models. The second aspect we review is the Smart Grid control and traffic modeling problem which allows us to achieve a better understanding of the communications requirements. Finally, this paper reports recent studies on the electrical and topological properties of a sample power distribution network. Power grid topological studies are very important for PLC networking as the power grid is not only the information source but also the information delivery system-a unique feature when PLC is used for the Smart Grid.

/pdf/for-the-grid-and-through-the-grid-the-role-of-power-line-u1a0j36lkc.pdf

For the Grid and Through the Grid: The Role of Power Line Communications in the Smart Grid

A communication infrastructure is an essential part to the success of the emerging smart grid. A scalable and pervasive communication infrastructure is crucial in both construction and operation of a smart grid. In this paper, we present the background and motivation of communication infrastructures in smart grid systems. We also summarize major requirements that smart grid communications must meet. From the experience of several industrial trials on smart grid with communication infrastructures, we expect that the traditional carbon fuel based power plants can cooperate with emerging distributed renewable energy such as wind, solar, etc, to reduce the carbon fuel consumption and consequent green house gas such as carbon dioxide emission. The consumers can minimize their expense on energy by adjusting their intelligent home appliance operations to avoid the peak hours and utilize the renewable energy instead. We further explore the challenges for a communication infrastructure as the part of a complex smart grid system. Since a smart grid system might have over millions of consumers and devices, the demand of its reliability and security is extremely critical. Through a communication infrastructure, a smart grid can improve power reliability and quality to eliminate electricity blackout. Security is a challenging issue since the on-going smart grid systems facing increasing vulnerabilities as more and more automation, remote monitoring/controlling and supervision entities are interconnected.

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1315&context=electricalengineeringfacpub

A Survey on Smart Grid CommunicationInfrastructures: Motivations, Requirements andChallenges

Pattern recognition

The widespread popularity of smart meters enables an immense amount of fine-grained electricity consumption data to be collected. Meanwhile, the deregulation of the power industry, particularly on the delivery side, has continuously been moving forward worldwide. How to employ massive smart meter data to promote and enhance the efficiency and sustainability of the power grid is a pressing issue. To date, substantial works have been conducted on smart meter data analytics. To provide a comprehensive overview of the current research and to identify challenges for future research, this paper conducts an application-oriented review of smart meter data analytics. Following the three stages of analytics, namely, descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics, we identify the key application areas as load analysis, load forecasting, and load management. We also review the techniques and methodologies adopted or developed to address each application. In addition, we also discuss some research trends, such as big data issues, novel machine learning technologies, new business models, the transition of energy systems, and data privacy and security.

Review of Smart Meter Data Analytics: Applications, Methodologies, and Challenges

This paper outlines a novel method for detecting power quality (PQ) disturbance using higher order statistics (HOS). The main advantage introduced in this method refers to the detection capability of voltage disturbances in a data frame with, at least, N=32 samples. This improvement provides the detection of disturbances in sub-multiples or multiples of one cycle of the fundamental component if an appropriate sampling rate is considered. Computational results verified that 100% of abnormal and normal conditions are correctly detected if N=256, 128, and 64, while around 98.25 of voltage disturbances are correctly detected for N=32.

Power quality disturbances detection using HOS

This paper outlines the use of symbol repetition technique together with space time block code orthogonally frequency division multiplexing (STBC-OFDM) scheme for power line communication (PLC) when the receiver has complete knowledge about the channel state information. Due to redundancy in the proposed technique, a low-complex FFT can be implemented. Also, the way as the symbol diversity is explored, which can offer similar improvement found in space diversity, can improve the performance of STBC-OFDM scheme if the PLC channel is frequency-selective and corrupted by impulsive like noise, such as the additive impulsive Gaussian noise (AIGN). Simulation results reveal that the STBC-OFDM with a simple symbol repetition technique offers an enhanced reliability, compared to a regular STBC-OFDM when Alamouti code is considered.

A low cost STBC-OFDM system with improved reliability for power line communications

This paper outlines a novel method for harmonic estimation based on the PLL (phase-locked loop) approach. The method combines the use of a pre-filtering analysis structure followed by down-sampler operator and PLL estimator. The filter is an adaptive bandpass filter with initial center frequency at harmonic component. As the filter is adaptive its center frequency can move toward thed harmonic (or inter-harmonic) component, attending to the case when the system frequency varies. The frequency estimation is obtained in the PLL stage. Finally, the down-sampler device reduces the computational effort. Simulation results show that this approach is faster and more precise than other PLL structures.

PLL Based Multirate Harmonic Estimation

Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de deteccao e classificacao de disturbios de qualidade da energia eletrica (QEE) que se baseia na decomposicao do sinal de tensao em dois novos sinais, referentes a componente fundamental e ao sinal de erro e, em seguida, utiliza Estatisticas de Ordem Superior (EOS) para extrair parâmetros representativos de cada classe para simplificar o algoritmo de deteccao e classificacao. Como detector e utilizado um algoritmo baseado na teoria de Bayes e para implementar o algoritmo de classificacao utilizou-se uma rede neural artificial. O sistema foi testado em simulacoes para seis classes de disturbios, apresentando uma eficiencia global proxima a 100% para tais disturbios. Os resultados aqui apresentados sao comparados com os resultados de outros sistemas propostos na literatura.

/pdf/sistema-automatico-de-deteccao-e-classificacao-de-disturbios-3x2rhoantp.pdf

Sistema automático de detecção e classificação de distúrbios elétricos em qualidade da energia elétrica

This paper focuses on digital signal processing techniques applied to power quality problem detection and identification. The detection and identification are based on a previous estimation of the fundamental component of the event under analysis by using the adaptive notch filter and Kalman filter for frequency, amplitude and phase estimations, respectively. After that, the non-stationary type signal, obtained by the subtraction of the estimated fundamental component from the acquired signal, is submitted to the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and modulated lapped transform (MLT) for further parameters extraction. A set of information or event signature obtained from the transient event is comprised of several parameters extracted from the DWT and MLT domains, the estimated parameters of the fundamental component as well as THD of the transient event. The results obtained from real database report that the combination of the adaptive signal processing techniques, DWT, MLT and parameters extraction techniques provide a reliable signature of the power quality problems.

Moises V. Ribeiro

Papers

Power quality disturbances detection using HOS

A low cost STBC-OFDM system with improved reliability for power line communications

PLL Based Multirate Harmonic Estimation

Sistema automático de detecção e classificação de distúrbios elétricos em qualidade da energia elétrica

Adaptive filtering, wavelet and lapped transforms for power quality problem detection and identification