Tracking urban sustainability transition: An eco-efficiency analysis on eco-industrial development in Ulsan, Korea

In most machining operations, cutting fluids are essential to ensure the economical profitability of the process. Turning of common plain carbon and low alloy steels is an example of manufacturing process widely used in several branches of the manufacturing industry, were the use of cutting fluids plays a key role in minimizing tool wear, machining forces and surface roughness, and improving overall process performance. Unfortunately, the cutting fluids, particularly those mineral-based, are considered harmful to the environment and therefore a source of pollution in production lines, as well as being a threat to the health of the operators. An attempt of minimizing environmental pollution is to use cutting fluids which are vegetable-based instead of mineral-based, with many producers offering this option in their portfolios. Doubts though arise on how vegetable-based cutting fluids perform compared with the mineral-based fluids. The present work compares the performance of three concentrations (3%, 7%, and 10%) of two vegetable-based cutting fluids (an emulsion and a synthetic) with one mineral-based fluid (semi-synthetic). The comparisons are made through reciprocating sliding tests, wettability, cooling capacity, viscosity, and cutting force measurement in turning of an AISI 1050 steel. All non-machining tests (friction coefficients, droplet contact angles (wettability), heat exchange coefficient by convection and viscosity) and machining tests (machining forces) were performed with all cutting fluids. This set of rheological and tribological tests performed allowed better understanding of the differences in machinability, regarding the cutting forces, of the cutting fluids evaluated. The results showed that, despite the better thermal and tribological properties of the mineral-based cutting fluids, the vegetable-based emulsion had an overall better performance in relation to the wettability angle and machining forces. These results, together with the greater sustainable appeal of vegetable-based cutting fluids, point to their clear feasibility in the machining of AISI 1050 steel.

Performance evaluation of vegetable-based cutting fluids in turning of AISI 1050 steel

The most important aspect of sustainability in manufacturing is the preservation of energy and natural resources. For modern production, optimized processes that minimize negative impacts on the environment are becoming increasingly important. This can be achieved by increasing energy efficiency through low, clean, and renewable energy consumption. There are many ways to produce less pollution, emissions, and waste in machining: by using more environmentally friendly cooling methods; by applying methods that reduce or eliminate the need for utilization of cooling lubrication; improving the energy efficiency of machining operations; determining the optimal cutting conditions that save resources by increasing machining productivity or reducing the metal removal rate (MRR); minimizing power consumption; and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This article gives an idea of modern manufacturing with a focus on analyzing the current state of machining operations in terms of saving production resources and ensuring more environmentally friendly production using greener cooling methods of machining such as Dry, Conventional cooling systems, Minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL), Minimum quantity of cooling lubrication (MQCL), Nanofluids, Biodegradable Vegetable Oils, Cryogenic Lubrication, and High-Pressure Cooling (HPC). Finally, the important modern trends of providing resource-saving and environmentally efficient technologies in modern sustainable manufacturing are discussed in this paper. 

Resource saving by optimization and machining environments for sustainable manufacturing: A review and future prospects

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of research on consumers’ green behavior in emerging markets. This study aims to determine the variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) that influence green purchasing intentions in Mexico. Into the model, we incorporated ecological conscience, moral obligation, and willingness to pay as additional variables. A sample of 300 consumers was obtained through an online survey and data were analyzed statistically using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that perceived purchase control, ecological conscience, and moral obligation directly influence purchase intention. The study contributes to the current literature by strengthening the existing knowledge about the factors that influence the purchasing behavior of green products in emerging countries.

Predictive Sustainability Model Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior Incorporating Ecological Conscience and Moral Obligation

Metal recovery during melting of extruded machining chips

Recycling of contaminated metallic chip based on eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness approaches

A legislacao brasileira preve que a destinacao correta dos residuos solidos industriais e obrigatoriedade do gerador Porem esta e uma das principais dificuldades encontradas, ja que o processo produtivo gera residuos e impactos ambientais Entretanto, estes residuos podem ser aproveitados para aumentar a ecoeficiencia e como um objeto maior a ecoefetividade, reduzindo os impactos, aumentando a eficiencia economica e ambiental e contribuindo para a sustentabilidade O setor metal-mecânico igualmente enfrenta a problematica do gerenciamento ambiental, entao, o objetivo deste trabalho e avaliar a ecoeficiencia e ecoefetividade dos metodos empregados na limpeza de cavacos metalicos contaminados com fluido de corte de empresas metalurgicas Foi realizado um estudo sobre a reutilizacao do cavaco de aluminio, analisando os metodos utilizados, a destinacao caso nao possivel reutilizar e avaliado a ecoeficiencia e ecoefetividade Esta avaliacao foi realizada por criterios estudados, onde e possivel avaliar metodos como ecoeficientes e ecoefetivos Na pratica foram encontrados somente metodos ecoeficientes e, entre estes, alguns com praticas ecoefetivas Os resultados evidenciam que a cultura de reparar, reutilizar, reciclar e destinar, ao inves de promover acoes como a remodelagem de um sistema produtivo em ciclo fechado onde nao ha geracao de residuos e ainda mais pratico e realistico

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Mônica Vargas

Papers

Recycling of contaminated metallic chip based on eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness approaches

Análise de métodos de reaproveitamento de cavaco metálico contaminado considerando abordagens de ecoeficiência e ecoefetividade