https://zenodo.org/record/1258475/files/article.pdf

Electron transfers in chemistry and biology

N G van Kampen 1981 Amsterdam: North-Holland xiv + 419 pp price Dfl 180 This is a book which, at a lower price, could be expected to become an essential part of the library of every physical scientist concerned with problems involving fluctuations and stochastic processes, as well as those who just enjoy a beautifully written book. It provides an extensive graduate-level introduction which is clear, cautious, interesting and readable.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/34/4/040/pdf

Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry

2.2. Materials 929 2.3. Factors Influencing Charge Mobility 931 2.3.1. Molecular Packing 931 2.3.2. Disorder 932 2.3.3. Temperature 933 2.3.4. Electric Field 934 2.3.5. Impurities 934 2.3.6. Pressure 934 2.3.7. Charge-Carrier Density 934 2.3.8. Size/molecular Weight 935 3. The Charge-Transport Parameters 935 3.1. Electronic Coupling 936 3.1.1. The Energy-Splitting-in-Dimer Method 936 3.1.2. The Orthogonality Issue 937 3.1.3. Impact of the Site Energy 937 3.1.4. Electronic Coupling in Oligoacene Derivatives 938

Charge transport in organic semiconductors.

T e purpose of this review is to assess the nature and magnitudes of the dominant forces in protein folding. Since proteins are only marginally stable at room temperature,’ no type of molecular interaction is unimportant, and even small interactions can contribute significantly (positively or negatively) to stability (Alber, 1989a,b; Matthews, 1987a,b). However, the present review aims to identify only the largest forces that lead to the structural features of globular proteins: their extraordinary compactness, their core of nonpolar residues, and their considerable amounts of internal architecture. This review explores contributions to the free energy of folding arising from electrostatics (classical charge repulsions and ion pairing), hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions, intrinsic propensities, and hydrophobic interactions. An earlier review by Kauzmann (1959) introduced the importance of hydrophobic interactions. His insights were particularly remarkable considering that he did not have the benefit of known protein structures, model studies, high-resolution calorimetry, mutational methods, or force-field or statistical mechanical results. The present review aims to provide a reassessment of the factors important for folding in light of current knowledge. Also considered here are the opposing forces, conformational entropy and electrostatics. The process of protein folding has been known for about 60 years. In 1902, Emil Fischer and Franz Hofmeister independently concluded that proteins were chains of covalently linked amino acids (Haschemeyer & Haschemeyer, 1973) but deeper understanding of protein structure and conformational change was hindered because of the difficulty in finding conditions for solubilization. Chick and Martin (191 1) were the first to discover the process of denaturation and to distinguish it from the process of aggregation. By 1925, the denaturation process was considered to be either hydrolysis of the peptide bond (Wu & Wu, 1925; Anson & Mirsky, 1925) or dehydration of the protein (Robertson, 1918). The view that protein denaturation was an unfolding process was

/pdf/dominant-forces-in-protein-folding-42bjzlldw4.pdf

Dominant forces in protein folding

6. Rehybridization of the Acceptor (RICT) 3908 7. Planarization of the Molecule (PICT) 3909 III. Fluorescence Spectroscopy 3909 A. Solvent Effects and the Model Compounds 3909 1. Solvent Effects on the Spectra 3909 2. Steric Effects and Model Compounds 3911 3. Bandwidths 3913 4. Isoemissive Points 3914 B. Dipole Moments 3915 C. Radiative Rates and Transition Moments 3916 1. Quantum Yields and Radiationless Deactivation Processes 3916

Structural Changes Accompanying Intramolecular Electron Transfer: Focus on Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer States and Structures

In this paper we present a theoretical study of the predissociation dynamics of the nf(N+=2) (with the principal quantum numbers n=40–95) and the np(N+=0) (n=70–125) Rydberg series of NO, which exhibit a marked lifetime dilution (lengthening) at n≳65 for the f series and at n≳116 for the p series [M.J.J. Vrakking and Y. T. Lee, J. Chem. Phys. 102, 8818 (1995)]. The multichannel effective Hamiltonian with several doorway (for excitation) and escape (for decay) states was constructed using experimental information on the quantum defects and on the decay width constants incorporating both intramolecular coupling and exterior electric field coupling between high Rydbergs. The analysis of the intramolecular Rydberg electron–core dipole long range coupling (HR‐D) in conjunction with the energy gaps between proximal pairs of energy levels, which are subjected to appropriate selection rules, reveals that (i) for low l(≤3) core‐penetrating Rydbergs only a small number of accidental near‐resonances are exhibited, a...

/pdf/the-dynamics-of-predissociating-high-rydberg-states-of-no-53ks4jmkty.pdf

The dynamics of predissociating high Rydberg states of NO

Long-range electron transfer in solvent-free supermolecules

In this paper we explore the level structure, the optical excitation modes and the dynamics of a mixed Stark manifold of very high Rydberg states (with principal quantum numbers n=80–250) of large molecules, e.g., 1,4 diaza bicyclo [2,2,2] octane (DABCO) and bis (benzene) chromium (BBC) [U. Even, R. D. Levine, and R. Bersohn, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 3472 (1994)] and of autoionizing Rydbergs of atoms [F. Merkt, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 2623 (1994)], interrogated by time‐resolved zero‐electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy. We pursue the formal analogy between the level structure, accessibility and decay of very high Rydbergs in an external weak (F≂0.1–1 V cm−1) electric field and intramolecular (interstate and intrastate) relaxation in a bound molecular level structure. The onset n=nM of the strong mixing (in an external field F and in the field exerted by static ions) of a doorway state, which is characterized by a low azimuthal quantum number l, a finite quantum defect δ, and a total nonradiative width Γs≂Γ0/...

/pdf/on-the-dynamics-of-high-rydberg-states-of-large-molecules-15dfqq9yzx.pdf

On the dynamics of high Rydberg states of large molecules

The solvent dependence of the radiative-rate constant of both inter- and intramolecular donor-acceptor systems reveals the occurrence of significant intensity borrowing from one or more local transitions. This phenomenon appears to be especially pronounced in systems of the type D-3σ-A, where donor and acceptor interact via through-bond interaction over a relay of three σ bonds. Within the context of a three-state model, involving the no-bond state (DA), the charge transfer state (D+A−) and a single locally excited state [(DA)*], a simplified method is given to analyse the electronic coupling elements between these states.

Electronic coupling in inter‐ and intramolecular donor‐acceptor systems as revealed by their solvent‐dependent charge‐transfer fluorescence

A model for outer‐sphere electron‐transfer reactions in polar solutions is suggested. It is based on the idea of dividing the system into two subsystems, a classical solvent and quantum mechanical interacting molecules. The solvent is looked upon as the source of an external field and is coupled parametrically to the reacting species. The model is analytically solved, under some approximations, for the transfer probability. Using a specific macroscopic model of the solvent a usable expression for the rate constant is given. Operational and physical criteria are developed regarding the problems of adiabaticity, nonadiabaticity, and independence on the solvent dynamics.

Mordechai Bixon

Papers

The dynamics of predissociating high Rydberg states of NO

Long-range electron transfer in solvent-free supermolecules

On the dynamics of high Rydberg states of large molecules

Electronic coupling in inter‐ and intramolecular donor‐acceptor systems as revealed by their solvent‐dependent charge‐transfer fluorescence

Outer‐sphere electron‐transfer reactions in polar solvents