We will review some of the major results in random graphs and some of the more challenging open problems. We will cover algorithmic and structural questions. We will touch on newer models, including those related to the WWW.

Random graphs

https://cmi.ac.in/~madhavan/courses/verification-2011/alur-dill-tcs-94.pdf

A theory of timed automata

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

The concept of an agent has become important in both Artificial Intelligence (AI) and mainstream computer science. Our aim in this paper is to point the reader at what we perceive to be the most important theoretical and practical issues associated with the design and construction of intelligent agents. For convenience, we divide these issues into three areas (though as the reader will see, the divisions are at times somewhat arbitrary). Agent theory is concerned with the question of what an agent is, and the use of mathematical formalisms for representing and reasoning about the properties of agents. Agent architectures can be thought of as software engineering models of agents;researchers in this area are primarily concerned with the problem of designing software or hardware systems that will satisfy the properties specified by agent theorists. Finally, agent languages are software systems for programming and experimenting with agents; these languages may embody principles proposed by theorists. The paper is not intended to serve as a tutorial introduction to all the issues mentioned; we hope instead simply to identify the most important issues, and point to work that elaborates on them. The article includes a short review of current and potential applications of agent technology.

/pdf/intelligent-agents-theory-and-practice-5dchj7p8pc.pdf

Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice

/pdf/convex-analysisnoer-san-nojin-zhan-nituite-5dl2rbmoyr.pdf

Convex Analysisの二,三の進展について

One of the advantages of temporal-logic model-checking tools is their ability to accompany a negative answer to a correctness query with a counterexample to the satisfaction of the specification in the system. On the other hand, when the answer to the correctness query is positive, most model-checking tools provide no witness for the satisfaction of the specification. In the last few years there has been growing awareness of the importance of suspecting the system or the specification of containing an error also in cases where model checking succeeds. In particular, several works have recently focused on the detection of the vacuous satisfaction of temporal logic specifications. For example, when verifying a system with respect to the specification φ = G(req → Fgrant) (every request is eventually followed by a grant), we say that φ is satisfied vacuously in systems in which requests are never sent. Current works have focused on detecting vacuity with respect to subformula occurrences. In this work we investigate vacuity detection with respect to subformulas with multiple occurrences. The generality of our framework requires us to re-examine the basic intuition underlying the concept of vacuity, which until now has been defined as sensitivity with respect to syntactic perturbation. We study sensitivity with respect to semantic perturbation, which we model by universal propositional quantification. We show that this yields a hierarchy of vacuity notions. We argue that the right notion is that of vacuity defined with respect to traces. We then provide an algorithm for vacuity detection and discuss pragmatic aspects.

Enhanced vacuity detection in linear temporal logic

CHIMP is a tool for assertion-based dynamic verification of SystemC models. The various features of CHIMP include automatic generation of monitors from temporal assertions, automatic instrumentation of the model-under-verification (MUV), and three-way communication among the MUV, the generated monitors, and the SystemC simulation kernel during the monitored execution of the instrumented MUV. Empirical results show that CHIMP puts minimal runtime overhead on the monitored execution of the MUV. A newly added path in CHIMP results in a significant (over 75%) reduction of average monitor generation and compilation time. The average size of the monitors is reduced by over 60%, without increasing runtime overhead.

/pdf/chimp-a-tool-for-assertion-based-dynamic-verification-of-1u6ad47ys8.pdf

CHIMP: A Tool for Assertion-Based Dynamic Verification of SystemC Models.

Moshe Vardi, Rice University explores the question "If machines are capable of doing almost any work humans can do, what will humans do?".

Humans, machines, and the future of work

A promising approach to probabilistic inference that has attracted recent attention exploits its reduction to a set of model counting queries. Since probabilistic inference and model counting are #P-hard, various relaxations are used in practice, with the hope that these relaxations allow efficient computation while also providing rigorous approximation guarantees.
In this paper, we show that contrary to common belief, several relaxations used for model counting and its applications (including probablistic inference) do not really lead to computational efficiency in a complexity theoretic sense. Our arguments proceed by showing the corresponding relaxed notions of counting to be computationally hard. We argue that approximate counting with multiplicative tolerance and probabilistic guarantees of correctness is the only class of relaxations that provably simplifies the problem, given access to an NP-oracle. Finally, we show that for applications that compare probability estimates with a threshold, a new notion of relaxation with gaps between low and high thresholds can be used. This new relaxation allows efficient decision making in practice, given access to an NP-oracle, while also bounding the approximation error.
Erratum: This research is supported in part by the National Research Foundation Singapore under its AI Singapore Programme (Award Number: [AISG-RP-2018-005])

/pdf/on-the-hardness-of-probabilistic-inference-relaxations-4etcrs2dod.pdf

On the Hardness of Probabilistic Inference Relaxations

We propose and study the graph-theoretical problem EXISTS-PMVC: the existence of perfect matching under vertex-color constraints on graphs with bi-colored edges. EXISTS-PMVC is of special interest because of its motivation from quantum-state identification and quantum-experiment design, as well as its rich expressiveness, i.e., EXISTS-PMVC naturally subsumes important constrained matching problems, such as exact perfect matching. We give complexity and algorithmic results for EXISTS-PMVC under two types of vertex color constraints: (1) decision-diagram constraints (EXISTS-PMVC-DD) and (2) symmetric constraints (EXISTS-PMVC-Sym). For EXISTS-PMVC-DD, we reveal its NP-hardness by a graph-gadget technique. We prove that EXISTS-PMVC-Sym with a bounded number of colors (EXISTS-PMVC-Sym-Bounded) is polynomially equivalent with Exact Perfect Matching (XPM), which implies that EXISTS-PMVC-Sym-Bounded is in RNC on general graphs and PTIME on planar graphs. Directly applying algorithms for XPM to solve EXISTS-PMVC-Sym-Bounded is, however, impractical. We propose algorithms that natively handle EXISTS-PMVC-Sym-Bounded with considerably better complexity. Our novel results for EXISTS-PMVC provide insights into both constrained matching and scalable quantum experiment design.

Moshe Y. Vardi

Papers

Enhanced vacuity detection in linear temporal logic

CHIMP: A Tool for Assertion-Based Dynamic Verification of SystemC Models.

Humans, machines, and the future of work

On the Hardness of Probabilistic Inference Relaxations

Quantum-Inspired Perfect Matching under Vertex-Color Constraints