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Voltage Stability Of Electric Power Systems

The lithium-ion battery is an ideal candidate for a wide variety of applications due to its high energy/power density and operating voltage. Some limitations of existing lithium-ion battery technology include underutilization, stress-induced material damage, capacity fade, and the potential for thermal runaway. This paper reviews efforts in the modeling and simulation of lithium-ion batteries and their use in the design of better batteries. Likely future directions in battery modeling and design including promising research opportunities are outlined.

http://ma.ecsdl.org/content/MA2010-02/4/226.full.pdf

Modeling and Simulation of Lithium-Ion Batteries from Systems Engineering Perspective

In this paper, a generation expansion planning model and a transmission expansion planning model are proposed to inform investment decisions from the perspectives of generation companies and ISOs, respectively. Interactions between large-scale wind integration and transmission system planning are analyzed, and a new computational procedure of system expansion planning that coordinates generation and transmission investment is presented. The cooptimization of energy and ancillary services markets is considered to capture the impacts of wind power on the operation of the electric system. Benders decomposition is employed to reduce the overall computation time.

Coordinating large-scale wind integration and transmission planning

The ubiquity of synchronous generation should not be assumed in highly renewable power systems. Various problems may consequently arise, not least of which are the difficulties entailed in maintaining regional reactive power balance. Offering a potential solution to such problems, modern renewable generator technologies offer controllable reactive power resources. As many of these generators will be embedded in distribution networks, their incorporation into transmission system operational and planning activities appears challenging. An extension of the capability chart concept offers insight here: for a given active power exchange between the transmission system and a distribution network section, the range of controllable reactive power typically available is of interest. This aggregate capability depends on the innate machine capabilities of the distributed generators and on the prevailing conditions within the distribution network. Novel optimisation techniques are useful in addressing the latter point, offering a means to identify the combination of power flow profiles within the distribution system most restrictive to reactive power provision. The capability chart thus derived gives the dependable range of reactive power available, under the assumption that each generator is operated to locally maximize its own reactive power contribution. Such a description can be applied in transmission system planning or to quantify the effects of modifications to the distribution system.

/pdf/capability-chart-for-distributed-reactive-power-resources-1hqf2ifmvz.pdf

Capability Chart for Distributed Reactive Power Resources

The Wind Blows

Increasing wind capacity integration results in displacement of active power from conventional generators and a reduction in reactive power sources available. As such, voltage stability may become a concern in certain periods for power system operation particularly in weaker areas of the network. Thus, it is of importance to consider the AC constraints for optimal wind generation planning (long term) in order to decrease the possibility of a wind capacity allocation that requires costly remedies from the power system operation perspective (short term). In this work, a procedure is proposed for wind capacity allocation with the aim of benefiting from the potential of an optimal wind capacity allocation for enhancing the voltage stability margin. The procedure is based on a multi operating conditions voltage stability constrained optimal power flow. The wind capacity target is set and the loadability margin is tracked. The results will show the applicability of the proposed procedure and will emphasize the effects of the pattern of wind capacity allocation on the loadability margin. This will result in a wind capacity allocation that enhances the minimum loadability margin among the possible future operating conditions considered for planning. The procedure uses the Maximin concept for this purpose.

/pdf/allocation-of-wind-capacity-subject-to-long-term-voltage-2egv6n8f4u.pdf

Allocation of Wind Capacity Subject to Long Term Voltage Stability Constraints

Renewables are increasingly replacing power from conventional generators. Renewable power injected through power electronic converters lacks the fundamental electric torque components. Electric torque components have an important role in determining the behavior of conventional machines in the network. The influence of this factor becomes more notable in power systems with reduced inertia. Hence, questions arise on, how can synchronizing torque basically contribute to the rotor speed deviation and eventually the system frequency and if there is a potential for using the steady state synchronizing torque coefficient (STC) to achieve acceptable frequency operating points. This paper calculates the steady state STC matrix by using the multimachine Heffron-Philips model in conjunction with the network admitance matrix. Accordingly, it investigates the impact of the generator location and reactive power output on the STC matrix. It demonstrates how this impact manifests in the generator rotor speed deviation. Eventually, the significance of the STC from the system frequency perspective is assessed.

/pdf/synchronizing-torque-impacts-on-rotor-speed-in-power-systems-4ai06vnu85.pdf

Synchronizing Torque Impacts on Rotor Speed in Power Systems

Distributed wind generation is growing on power systems across the world. It presents many well established technical issues in the distribution network, such as voltage rise, network reinforcement requirements or varying power output. Nonfirm generation, i.e. one to which curtailment can apply due to network infrastructure technical constraints, potentially holds certain benefits for distributed wind generation. This paper will demonstrate the operational characteristics of non-firm wind generation, without the need for network reinforcements. It also proposes an AC optimal power flow model used for evaluating the maximum capacity of wind generation and time series AC optimal power flow for time series calculation in order to determine the energy output that this type of allocation will make during the operation stage. Results show that a significant increase of energy output from non-firm wind generation connected to distribution networks can be achieved in comparison to the commonly used firm type of allocation.

/pdf/operational-characteristics-of-non-firm-wind-generation-in-1q7013y0o5.pdf

Operational characteristics of non-firm wind generation in distribution networks

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/rpg2.12154

Mostafa Bakhtvar

Papers

Allocation of Wind Capacity Subject to Long Term Voltage Stability Constraints

Synchronizing Torque Impacts on Rotor Speed in Power Systems

Operational characteristics of non-firm wind generation in distribution networks

Co-optimisation of wind farm micro-siting and cabling layouts

A vision of flexible dispatchable hybrid solar-wind-energy storage power plant