Selected demographic indicators from the United Nations' world population prospects, the 2008 revision

Ease of use and usefulness are believed to be fundamental in determining the acceptance and use of various, corporate ITs. These beliefs, however, may not explain the user’s behavior toward newly emerging ITs, such as the World-Wide-Web (WWW). In this study, we introduce playfulness as a new factor that reflects the user’s intrinsic belief in WWW acceptance. Using it as an intrinsic motivation factor, we extend and empirically validate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for the WWW context. # 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Beyond the Usefulness and Ease of Use : Extending the TAM for a World - Wide - Web Context

Various review studies were conducted to provide valuable insights into the current research trend of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Nevertheless, this issue still needs to be investigated from further directions. It has been noticed that research overlooks the investigation of TAM with regard to Mobile learning (M-learning) studies from the standpoint of different perspectives. The present study systematically reviews and synthesizes the TAM studies related to M-learning aiming to provide a comprehensive analysis of 87 research articles from 2006 to 2018. The main findings include that most of the TAM studies involving M-learning focused on extending the TAM with external variables, followed by the studies that extended the model by factors from other theories/models. In addition, the main research problem that was frequently tackled among all the analyzed studies was to examine the acceptance of M-learning among students. Moreover, questionnaire surveys were the primarily relied research methods for data collection. Additionally, most of the analyzed studies were undertaken in Taiwan, this is followed by Spain, China, and Malaysia, respectively among the other countries. Besides, most of the analyzed studies were frequently conducted in humanities and educational context, followed by IT and computer science context, respectively among the other contexts. Most of the analyzed studies were carried out in the higher educational settings. To that end, the findings of this review study provide an insight into the current trend of TAM research involving M-learning studies and form an essential reference for scholars in the M-learning context.

Technology Acceptance Model in M-learning context: A systematic review

Integrating perceived economic wellbeing to technology acceptance model: The case of mobile based agricultural extension service

Various studies over the past few decades have been exploring the educational advantages and potential of virtual reality (VR) and the idea that students engage with their learning materials more effectively when using their own devices. This study uses a newly created VR game-based English mobile learning application and investigates student English learning effectiveness, student game engagement, and self-regulated learning from a cognitive and psychological perspective. In total, 274 students from a Taiwan university of science and technology participated in this study. Statistical results indicate that both game engagement and game experience were significantly influenced by self-efficacy, intrinsic value, and test anxiety. Immersion, flow, and presence enhanced self-efficacy while absorption and immersion enhanced self-regulation. Self-efficacy and self-regulation affected each other. Student self-regulation in the learning environment was at a moderate level. The results imply that the interaction feature of the VR application and the challenges of game-based design enable students to enter the state of flow easily and enhance their motivation to learn.

Self-regulated mobile game-based English learning in a virtual reality environment

It is the era of information technology and governments around the world opting for electronic government and official websites are now under the use of a diverse population for the purpose of information retrieval. A number of disabled persons are becoming the part of this society but they are ignored when web projects are planned and developed. If this practice of software development is kept continuing then disabled persons would not take the advantage in the electronic government era. This study evaluates the websites of central government in Pakistan including all ministries and divisions using accessibility evaluation tools based on World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) web accessibility standards. Functional accessibility evaluator and total validator are the tools which are used for the evaluation process. The results shows that most of the web sites are not developed according to the accessibility standards for disabled persons. In the light of these results, recommendations are made to improve the accessibility of these websites for disable persons.

Web Accessibility for Disabled: A Case Study of Government Websites in Pakistan

Purpose




Mobile learning is a unique form of learning which uses the distinct features of mobile devices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the present state of student and faculty perception towards m-learning at open and distance educational institutes in Pakistan.




Design/methodology/approach




The paper presents a conceptual model based on TAM, which explains factors influencing student and faculty perception towards m-learning acceptance. M-learning acceptance mainly depends on personal attitude, so this study focusses on individual context. Primary data from students and faculty including tutors (n=612, students =448, faculty/tutors=162) was collected through a properly designed questionnaire by using purposive convenient sampling technique during Autumn 2015 semester. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the collected data.




Findings




The results indicate that student and faculty skill readiness and self-efficacy influence perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, where these two factors along with prior experience positively influence behavioural intension (BI) to accept mobile learning. Furthermore study results specifically provide factors which positively influence BI either directly or indirectly.




Research limitations/implications




The study was limited to AIOU.




Originality/value




The study specifically provides factors which influence BI either directly or indirectly.

Examination of factors influencing students and faculty behavior towards m-learning acceptance: An empirical study

Mobile Learning is gaining popularity especially in distance learning higher educational institutions. Latest technology used in mobiles leads to better delivery of educational resources to students. The major aim of this study is to assess students' readiness for m-learning through assessing four factors: available mobile phone features, cellular service availability and affordability, students' prior exposure to e-learning and mobile learning adoption willingness. Data has been collected from 178 students of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) enrolled in different programs of study. The developed questionnaire factors reliability is based on Cronbach's alpha reliability. Analysis is made by using SPSS. The result shows that student has high level of willingness to use mobile phones in educational activities. Furthermore mobile phone features necessary for m-learning are available with students mobiles. Results also indicate that cellular service is also available & affordable. However the level of prior e-learning knowledge among AIOU students is moderate. The results also indicate that m-learning can save the learner's time and they felt comfortable in using mobile devices for learning activities.

An assessment of students' readiness towards mobile learning at AIOU, Pakistan

With the emergence of mobile ad-hoc networks, more users desire connectivity regardless of geographic location. MANETs are a promising technology in terms of the applications in the military, emergency situations, and general daily life activities. Various protocols have been developed to handle the routing information in such networks. However, most protocols are vulnerable to various threats. Among them, the Black-hole type of denial-of-service attack causes a major degradation in the performance and trust of the network nodes. In this paper, the authors review and highlight the limitations of the existing solutions and propose a new algorithm to handle the black-hole attacks. The proposed algorithm is comparatively efficient and easy to implement for detecting and avoiding the black-hole attacks. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in Network Simulator ns-2 to evaluate its performance in term of packet delivery ratio, network load, and end-to-end delay. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a considerable enhancement in the overall networking performance and avoids the black-hole attack successfully.

Performance Enhanced AODV Routing Protocol Security in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Distance education; Multivariant analysis; Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA); Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA); Instrument development; Instrument validation; M-Learning; M-Readiness Index; Readiness assessment model; Validation process; Factor analysis

Muhammad Bakhsh

Papers

Web Accessibility for Disabled: A Case Study of Government Websites in Pakistan

Examination of factors influencing students and faculty behavior towards m-learning acceptance: An empirical study

An assessment of students' readiness towards mobile learning at AIOU, Pakistan

Performance Enhanced AODV Routing Protocol Security in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

M-Readiness Assessment Model Development and Validation: Investigation of Readiness Index and Factors Affecting Readiness.