Contrary to the well known diffraction limit, the fluorescence microscope is in principle capable of unlimited resolution. The necessary elements are spatially structured illumination light and a nonlinear dependence of the fluorescence emission rate on the illumination intensity. As an example of this concept, this article experimentally demonstrates saturated structured-illumination microscopy, a recently proposed method in which the nonlinearity arisesfromsaturationoftheexcitedstate.Thismethodcanbeused in a simple, wide-field (nonscanning) microscope, uses only a single, inexpensive laser, and requires no unusual photophysical properties of the fluorophore. The practical resolving power is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio, which in turn is limited by photobleaching. Experimental results show that a 2D point resolution of <50 nm is possible on sufficiently bright and photostable samples.

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Nonlinear structured-illumination microscopy: Wide-field fluorescence imaging with theoretically unlimited resolution

We review 20 years of development in the field of 3-D laser imaging. An overview of 3-D digitizing techniques is presented with an emphasis on commercial techniques and systems currently available. It covers some of the most important methods that have been developed, both at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and elsewhere, with a focus on commercial systems that are considered good representations of the key technologies that have survived the test of years. © 2004 SPIE and IS&T.

Review of 20 years of range sensor development

The Leap Motion Controller is a new device for hand gesture controlled user interfaces with declared sub-millimeter accuracy However, up to this point its capabilities in real environments have not been analyzed Therefore, this paper presents a first study of a Leap Motion Controller The main focus of attention is on the evaluation of the accuracy and repeatability For an appropriate evaluation, a novel experimental setup was developed making use of an industrial robot with a reference pen allowing a position accuracy of 02 mm Thereby, a deviation between a desired 3D position and the average measured positions below 02mmhas been obtained for static setups and of 12mmfor dynamic setups Using the conclusion of this analysis can improve the development of applications for the Leap Motion controller in the field of Human-Computer Interaction

Analysis of the Accuracy and Robustness of the Leap Motion Controller

Phase shifting algorithms for fringe projection profilometry: A review

Temporal phase unwrapping algorithms for fringe projection profilometry: A comparative review

We first provide an overview of 3-D shape measurement us- ing various optical methods. Then we focus on structured light tech- niques where various optical configurations, image acquisition tech- niques, data postprocessing and analysis methods and advantages and limitations are presented. Several industrial application examples are presented. Important areas requiring further R&D are discussed. Finally, a comprehensive bibliography on 3-D shape measurement is included, although it is not intended to be exhaustive. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)00101-X)

Mumin Song

Papers

Overview of three-dimensional shape measurement using optical methods

Three-Dimensional Shape Measurement