tion’, implying that most patients ‘should’ receive a particular action. In contrast, level 2 guidelines are essentially ‘suggestions’ and are deemed to be ‘weak’ or discretionary, recognising that management decisions may vary in different clinical contexts. Each recommendation was further graded from A to D by the quality of evidence underpinning them, with grade A referring to a high quality of evidence whilst grade D recognised a ‘very low’ evidence base. The overall strength and quality of the supporting evidence is summarised in table 1 . The guidelines focused on 4 key domains: (1) AKI definition, (2) prevention and treatment of AKI, (3) contrastinduced AKI (CI-AKI) and (4) dialysis interventions for the treatment of AKI. The full summary of clinical practice statements is available at www.kdigo.org, but a few key recommendation statements will be highlighted here.

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KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious problem affecting millions and causing death and disability for many. In 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes completed the first ever, international, multidisciplinary, clinical practice guideline for AKI. The guideline is based on evidence review and appraisal, and covers AKI definition, risk assessment, evaluation, prevention, and treatment. In this review we summarize key aspects of the guideline including definition and staging of AKI, as well as evaluation and nondialytic management. Contrast-induced AKI and management of renal replacement therapy will be addressed in a separate review. Treatment recommendations are based on systematic reviews of relevant trials. Appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Limitations of the evidence are discussed and a detailed rationale for each recommendation is provided.

/pdf/diagnosis-evaluation-and-management-of-acute-kidney-injury-a-5cpql4yj4u.pdf

Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (Part 1).

Relationship marketing is the development and outbreak of the combined theory of the traditional marketing,and it is a new idea.It puts more emphasis on the long-term and satisfying relation between enterprises and customers.and its success relies on some conditions.Its application in China has its own characteristics.

On relationship marketing

Hydrogels for biomedical applications.

Principles of Plant Breeding.

https://www.rima.org/web/medline_pdf/JPediatr.2006_180-4.pdf

Theophylline for renal function in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

OBJECTIVE.The goal was to study whether postnatal magnesium sulfate infusion could improve neurologic outcomes at discharge for term neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia. METHODS.Forty term (37 weeks of gestation) neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia were studied in a prospective, longitudinal, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were assigned randomly to receive either 3 doses of magnesium sulfate infusion at 250 mg/kg per dose (1 mL/kg per dose) 24 hours apart (treatment group) or 3 doses of normal saline infusion (1 mL/kg per dose) 24 hours apart (placebo group). Both groups also received supportive care according to the unit protocol for perinatal asphyxia. RESULTS.In the treatment group, moderate encephalopathy was present in 35% (7 of 20) of the patients and severe encephalopathy in 65% (13 of 20) of patients at admission. In the placebo group, 40% (8 of 20) of patients had moderate encephalopathy and 60% (12 of 20) of patients had severe encephalopathy. The mean serum magnesium concentration in the treatment group remained at 1.2 mmol/L for 72 hours after the first infusion. At discharge, 22% (4 of 18) of infants in the treatment group had neurologic abnormalities, compared with 56% (10 of 18) of infants in the placebo group. Also, neuroimaging (head computed tomography) performed on day 14 yielded abnormal findings for fewer infants in the treatment group than in the placebo group (16% vs 44%). Infants in the treatment group were more likely to be receiving oral feedings (sucking) at discharge than were those in the placebo group (77% vs 37%). Good short-term outcomes at discharge occurred for 77% of the patients in the treatment group, compared with 37% of the patients in the placebo group.

Magnesium Sulfate in Severe Perinatal Asphyxia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

A continuous research is going to synthesize the novel adsorbents for removal of toxic metal ions having high sorption capacity along with non-toxic and biodegradable nature. Ionic impurities have ...

Recent review for removal of metal ions by hydrogels

The contamination of water by dyes is a very serious environmental problem and as such vast amount of efforts are invested to prioritise the synthesis of the novel adsorbent systems with high sorption capacity and at the same time achieving a major goal to alleviate their non-biodegradable and toxic nature. Removal process of recalcitrant organic dyes has been done in many ways, however adsorption methods are usually best suitable due to their ease of operation and economical value. Various adsorption techniques have been adapted like sawdust and other wood type materials, rice husk, petroleum wastes, fertilizer wastes, fly ash, sugar industry wastes blast furnace slag, chitosan and seafood processing wastes, seaweed and algae, peat moss, clays, red mud, zeolites, sediment and soil, ore minerals etc. However hydrogels with high sorption capacity, high functionality and hydrophilicity pave a probable way for decolourisation of organic dye pollution, as being cost effective, high on demand, biodegradable and their ease of preparation. Moreover, certain modifications in synthesis of hydrogels help to customize them to respond to different external stimuli like temperature, pH and ionic strength with an added advantage in water treatment. The present review is an attempt to provide recent progress in the synthesis of the hydrogels for dye removal from waste waters and insight into increase in their mechanical strength, selectivity, efficiency and their recovery.

Hydrogels for removal of recalcitrant organic dyes: A conceptual overview

In the ever more competitive nature-based tourism market, service providers must maintain every edge to remain competitive. Owing to the customer-oriented service endeavours, tourism enterprises, either private or public, need to improve their service offerings so as to retain or improve their market share. To help service providers identify their strengths and weaknesses, the most widely accepted measurement scale for service quality is the SERVQUAL instrument. One of the criticisms levelled against the SERVQUAL scale is its inappropriateness as a generic measure for all service settings. Empirical research as to the dimensionality of service quality within a professional service environment, in particular, tourism sector, is scant and this study, therefore, is aimed to extend the line of research in service quality measurement. Based on data gathered from 320 tourists, the study brought to light four interpretable service quality dimensions for tourism services: Assurance, Tangibility, Responsiveness an...

Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat

Papers

Theophylline for renal function in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Magnesium Sulfate in Severe Perinatal Asphyxia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Recent review for removal of metal ions by hydrogels

Hydrogels for removal of recalcitrant organic dyes: A conceptual overview

Tourism Service Quality: A Dimension-specific Assessment of SERVQUAL*