Modern literature lacks systematization and assessment of impact of network of international corporations and their off-shore models on development of national economies in post-industrial times. There is variety of tools besides well-known multinational corporate accounting policies and strategies of MNCs that provide mechanism for the management of transaction costs in reporting period, thus reducing the amount of taxable profit due to application of the method of accelerated depreciation and channels of tax deferrals, which allow to reduce corporate tax payments owing to the objective reduction of real purchasing power of money over time. The purpose of the article is to propose in-depth systematization of balanced pros and cons for further development of national FDI policies aimed at network of MNCs. The paper utilizes a compound methodology of review and systematization to calculate overall impact of offshoring that exceeds 1% of global GDP. While modern financial and economic activities of MNC’s distinguish both internal and external offshoring, the paper focuses upon endogenous one. The key attention is on dominant ones – tax inversion phenomenon is known as base erosion and profit shifting, tax planning strategies, international debt shifting, models of tax treaty shopping, tax deferral, tax hybrids, strategic transfer pricing tools. In business and financial management MNCs resort to the development of extremely complex network structures of parent and subsidiary companies in order to increase international competitive advantages. MNCs make special efforts to recruit staff capable of effectively performing key functions in the field of corporate offshoring. We find huge regional asymmetries in MNCs impact on development of national economies. On one hand, a number of highly profitable corporations pay almost zero tax in favour of their countries of registration; on the other, MNCs create jobs, markets, volumes and asymmetries of geographical structure of differences in the value of goods and services supplied through international trade between developing and developed countries due to enormous scale of business offshoring.

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Global business network: off-shore model’s diversification and impact

Digital transformation affects all organizations, large and small. Waves of technological change are frequent and accelerating, requiring constant adaptation by companies and their employees. Artificial intelligence, automation, and digital tools are changing the traditional organizational structure and ways of working. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the labor market has to move toward an inclusive digital transformation that braces the business systems. This paper is an attempt to explore the effect of digitalization on employment in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and compare them to some selected advanced countries. The methodology focuses on the second-generation unit root tests and the Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged model for the period 2000–2020. The findings show a negative and significant impact of ICT on employment in the industrial and services sectors for GCC countries with a moderate adjustment speed toward the long-run equilibrium. This result is explained by the shortage of skilled workers in GCC countries compared to advanced countries, where the findings show a positive and significant effect of ICT technologies on total employment, especially in the industrial sector. The adjustment speed toward the long run is significantly higher in advanced countries than in GCC countries.

The labor market in the digital era: What matters for the Gulf Cooperation Council countries?

The article examines some features of the modern digital economy not from the point of view of its level of development, but rather as a "habitat" of national economies of various countries of the world. The article shows that the development of the digital economy in the world and in individual countries in the XXI century has received a huge spread and equally huge opportunities to influence internal processes in various countries. Moreover, this impact, being mainly positive, has a number of negative consequences for various countries. The author substantiates the point of view that today the "digital divide" is growing in the digital segment of the world economy, which negatively affects the sustainability of socio-economic development of a number of countries. In addition, the risks in the field of national security are also increasing. At the same time, the threats and risks to national security associated with digitalization and the possibilities of external control over the information and digital space of national states in general are increasing, as are the digital opportunities to realize these threats to one degree or another. Therefore, the author's idea is the need for supranational regulation of digitalization processes. 

On the need for national and international regulation of digitalization processes

The purpose of the article is to explore the use of remote employment as a short-term adaptation strategy for the enterprise in times of crisis and as a long-term strategy for human resource management in the future. The subject of the study is new strategies in human resource management, which began to be widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main focus of the article is on remote employment. Its spread is studied, on the one hand, as an opportunity for companies to adapt to crisis phenomena in the short term, on the other hand, as a long-term strategy in human resource management, which will become a new reality in the management process. Methodology. This article uses a comprehensive approach using the component method and multivariate correlation to analyze the results of public opinion surveys on the introduction of remote employment as a human resource management strategy in an unstable environment and to examine the likelihood of digitalization of labor. Results. An analytical assessment of sociological research on the introduction of remote employment as a strategy for human resource management in conditions of instability was carried out and trends were identified, the main ones for different countries. The probability of digitalization of labor and the use of remote employment for workers with different educational and qualification levels and different professional groups were investigated. The effectiveness of the introduction of new flexible forms of employment and adaptation to remote employment in enterprises was analyzed. It has been proven that the effectiveness and sustainability of the positive results achieved can be maintained with the clear planning of work processes in the enterprise. The practical implications of this study are the optimization of a set of human resource management strategies and remote employment in particular, as well as a radical revision of the format of the work organization. This study was performed as part of the research work of the Department of Finance and Economics of Borys Hrinchenko Kyiv University (№ 0118U001561) on the topic: "Development of the economy of Kyiv in terms of European integration".

Remote employment: a short-term strategy for adapting to the crisis or the new reality of human resource management

В статті розглянуто сучасні особливості формування соціальної економіки в контексті реалізації завдань сталого розвитку. Визначено специфіку впливу економічних факторів на розвиток соціальних процесів та особливості формування соціальної економіки в Україні, як ключової складової соціально-економічного розвитку суспільства. Доведено, що соціальна спрямованість економічної діяльності можлива лише за умови регулятивної діяльності з боку держави та за наявності у неї відповідного дієвого інструментарію впливу на економічні процеси, котрі напряму стосуються соціальних інтересів населення. Запропоновано комплекс заходів, спрямованих на забезпечення підвищення ефективності функціонування соціальної економіки в Україні шляхом вдосконалення діяльності соціальних інституцій та регулятивної політики держави у сфері соціально-економічного розвитку країни загалом. Визначено ключові напрямки подальшої інтеграції принципів соціальної економіки в систему державного управління та впровадження соціального партнерства, як однієї з найбільш успішних форм взаємодії соціально-економічних систем

Концептуальні засади формування соціальної економіки в україні

Transformation of economies with the application of information and communication technologies not only strengthens the competitiveness of countries in the international market, but also helps optimize and improve business processes in the international business environment. The purpose of the academic paper is to study the impact of digitalization on the development of the world economy on the example of the economies of the European Union member states. The following methods have been used, namely: analysis, description, generalization, induction, deduction, tabular representation, graphical representation, correlation analysis, systematization and grouping. Results: The positions of the European Union member states that are actively implementing the Digital Single Market strategy have been analyzed. It has been established that according to The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), Finland, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands and Malta have been among the top 5 leaders with the highest level of digitalization of the economy in 2020. Based on the study of The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking, it has been found that the European Union member states, which are among the top 10 leading countries, such as: Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands, have a high level of ability and readiness to research and implement digital technologies in order to achieve economic transformation and business transformation. The results of the correlation analysis have revealed the interrelationship between the values of Digital single market – promoting e-commerce for individuals and Enterprises that have provided training to develop / upgrade ICT skills of their personnel (%). It has been proved that Sweden, Malta and Estonia show a very high positive correlation, which indicates that these countries are actively implementing digital technologies in the development of economic processes.

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Digitalization as a Trend of Modern Development of the World Economy

Competitive Advantages of Transnational Corporations under the Global Economy Conditions

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the development of the wine industry in different countries of the world and in Ukraine. The wine industry is one of the main budget-generating industries in many countries of the world. The leaders in grape cultivation are the following countries: Spain, France, China and Italy.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the development of the wine industry in the world and in Ukraine.
The article uses such research methods as systematic, statistical, dialectical methods, as well as the method of induction and deduction.
In recent years, the wine industry has changed dramatically. Lower tariffs, lower logistics costs, and lower barriers to international trade have enabled manufacturers to sell their products beyond a limited region and face competition from distant suppliers.
The authors conducted a study of the global and national wine industry in the conditions of the pandemic. It was noted that COVID-19 had a significant impact on the development of the wine industry. Many factors are contributing to the decline in consumption of the world's best wines, including reduced tourism and the closure of some fine dining restaurants due to the pandemic.
The characteristics of the leading enterprises of the wine industry of Ukraine are provided. The main factors that influence the production of wine are highlighted. In Ukraine, the Odesa, Kherson and Mykolaiv regions have the largest area of ​​grape plantations. The largest producers are “Shabo”, “Odesavynprom”, “Koblevo”. The wine industry is a promising area of ​​ the Ukrainian economy development, an integral part of its foreign economic potential due to favorable natural and climatic conditions and the availability of high-quality labor and other resources.
At the same time, the war of 2022 drastically affected winemaking in all corners of Ukraine. Some wineries are completely or partially destroyed, some are in the occupied territory, others live under the threat of shelling every day.
Therefore, the main feature of the modern stage of winemaking enterprises is the increasing influence of the external environment on the efficiency of their activities. Recently, the wine market has been characterized by high growth rates, changes in state regulatory instruments, increased competition, etc. Effective development of winemaking is possible on the basis of a combination of the latest technological developments and organizational and economic conditions. The main direction of the wine industry development is: improving the use of available resources and climatic potential of the regions, expanding the logistics networks of enterprises, organizing and improving the varietal composition of plantations.

N. Bezrukova

Papers

Digitalization as a Trend of Modern Development of the World Economy

Competitive Advantages of Transnational Corporations under the Global Economy Conditions

Features of the wine industry development: global trends and domestic realities