Single-particle characterization of summertime Arctic aerosols is useful to understand the impact of air pollutants on the polar atmosphere In the present study, a quantitative single particle analytical technique, low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, was used to characterize 8100 individual particles overall in 16 sets of aerosol samples collected at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Norway on 25-31 July, 2007 Based on their X-ray spectral and secondary electron image data of individual particles, 13 particle types were identified, in which particles of marine origin were the most abundant, followed by carbonaceous and mineral dust particles A number of aged (reacted) sea salt (and mixture) particles produced by the atmospheric reaction of genuine sea-salts, especially with NO(x) or HNO(3), were significantly encountered in almost all the aerosol samples They greatly outnumbered genuine sea salt particles, implying that the summertime Arctic atmosphere, generally regarded as a clean background environment, is disturbed by anthropogenic air pollutants The main sources of airborne NO(x) (or HNO(3)) are probably ship emissions around the Arctic Ocean, industry emission from northern Europe and northwestern Siberia, and renoxification of NO(3)(-) within or on the melting snow/ice surface

Single-Particle Characterization of Summertime Arctic Aerosols Collected at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

East Siberian Arctic background and black carbon polluted aerosols at HMO Tiksi.

. During the period of scientific campaign "Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosols, Clouds and Radiation 2004" (ASTAR2004), precipitation samples were collected in late spring at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard and their ionic components were analyzed in parallel with the measurement of properties of atmospheric aerosol particles at the same place. Backward trajectory analyses indicated that the air mass above the observatory initially dominated by air masses from the Arctic Ocean, then those from western Siberia and later those from Greenland and the Arctic Ocean. In the measurement period, six precipitation samples were obtained and five of them were analyzed their ionic components by ionchromatography. The concentrations of nss-sulphate in precipitations were between 1.8 and 24.6 ppm from which the scavenging ratio and scavenging coefficients were calculated using the data such as the concentrations of nss-sulphate in aerosol particles, amounts of precipitations, and the heights of precipitations obtained from radar echo data. The scavenging ratio ranged from 1.0×106 to 17×106 which are comparable values reported in other areas. A detailed comparison between precipitation events and the number concentration of aerosol particles obtained from optical particle counters suggests that the type of precipitations, i.e. rain or snow, significantly affects the number concentrations of aerosol particles.

/pdf/properties-of-aerosols-and-their-wet-deposition-in-the-8ayoiqo9i6.pdf

Properties of aerosols and their wet deposition in the arctic spring during ASTAR2004 at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard

http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S0360544222007988/pdf/S0360544222007988.pdf

Life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost assessment of power batteries for all-electric vessels for short-sea navigation

Great concerns about atmospheric aerosols are attributed to their multiple roles to atmospheric processes. For example, atmospheric aerosols influence global climate, directly by scattering or absorbing solar radiations and indirectly by serving as cloud condensation nuclei. They also have a significant impact on human health and visibility. Many of these effects depend on the size and composition of atmospheric aerosols, and thus detailed information on the physicochemical properties and the distribution of airborne particles is critical to accurately predict their impact on the Earth’s climate as well as human health. A single particle analysis technique, named low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z particle EPMA) that can determine the concentration of low-Z elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in a microscopic volume has been developed. The capability of quantitative analysis of low-Z elements in individual particle allows the characterization of especially important atmospheric particles such as sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, and carbonaceous particles. Furthermore, the diversity and the complicated heterogeneity of atmospheric particles in chemical compositions can be investigated in detail. In this review, the development and methodology of low-Z particle EPMA for the analysis of atmospheric aerosols are introduced. Also, its typical applications for the characterization of various atmospheric particles, i.e., on the chemical compositions, morphologies, the size segregated distributions, and the origins of Asian dust, urban aerosols, indoor aerosols in underground subway station, and Arctic aerosols, are illustrated.

/pdf/characterization-of-individual-atmospheric-aerosols-using-1qepro5gzi.pdf

Characterization of Individual Atmospheric Aerosols Using Quantitative Energy Dispersive-Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis : A Review

A review of ship fuel consumption models

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0959652621042384

Environmental and economic assessment of mariculture systems using a high share of renewable energy sources

The feasibility of autonomous low-emission ro-ro passenger shipping in the Adriatic Sea

The fishing sector is faced with emission problems arising from the extensive use of diesel engines as prime movers. Energy efficiency, environmental performance, and minimization of operative costs through the reduction of fuel consumption are key research topics across the whole maritime sector. Ship emissions can be determined at different levels of complexity and accuracy, i.e., by analyzing ship technical data and assuming its operative profile, or by direct measurements of key parameters. This paper deals with the analysis of the environmental footprint of a fishing trawler operating in the Adriatic Sea, including three phases of the Life-Cycle Assessment (manufacturing, Well-to-Pump (WTP), and Pump-to-Wake (PTW)). Based on the data on fuel consumption, the viability of replacing the conventional diesel-powered system with alternative options is analyzed. The results showed that fuels such as LNG and B20 represent the easiest solution that would result in a reduction of harmful gases and have a positive impact on overall costs. Although electrification and hydrogen represent one of the cleanest forms of energy, due to their high price and complex application in an obsolete fleet, they do not present an optimal solution for the time being. The paper showed that the use of alternative fuels would have a positive effect on the reduction of harmful emissions, but further work is needed to find an environmentally acceptable and economically profitable pathway for redesigning the ship power system of fishing trawlers.

/pdf/alternative-power-options-for-improvement-of-the-2nu2jm8a.pdf

N Makarov Vladimir

Papers

A review of ship fuel consumption models

Environmental and economic assessment of mariculture systems using a high share of renewable energy sources

The feasibility of autonomous low-emission ro-ro passenger shipping in the Adriatic Sea

Alternative Power Options for Improvement of the Environmental Friendliness of Fishing Trawlers

Summer concentrations of atmospheric pollutants in urban and rural areas of siberia