[1] The application of multiple collector inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) to 176Lu-176Hf and 92Nb-92Zr chronometry has been hampered by complex Zr-Hf purification procedures that involve multiple ion exchange column steps. This study presents a single-column separation procedure for purification of Hf and Lu by ion exchange using Eichrom® Ln-Spec resin. The sample is loaded in pure HCl, and element yields are not dependent on the sample matrix. For 92Nb-92Zr chronometry, a one-column procedure for purification of Zr using Biorad® AG-1-× 8 resin is described. Titanium and Mo are completely removed from the Zr, thus enabling accurate 92Zr measurements. Zirconium and Nb are quantitatively separated from rock samples using Eichrom Ln-Spec resin, allowing measurements of Zr/Nb with a precision of better than ±5% (2σ). The Ln-Spec and anion resin procedures may be combined into a three-column method for separation of Zr-Nb, Hf, Ta, and Lu from rock samples. For the first time, this procedure permits combined isotope dilution measurements of Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, and Lu/Hf using a mixed 94Zr-176Lu-180Hf-180Ta tracer. Analytical protocols for Zr and Hf isotope measurements using the Micromass Isoprobe, a second generation, single-focusing MC-ICPMS, are reported. Using the Isoprobe at Munster, 2σ external precisions of ±0.5ɛ units for Hf and Zr isotope measurements are achieved using as little as 5 ng (Hf) to 10 ng (Zr) of the element. The 176Hf/177Hf and Lu/Hf for rock reference materials agree well with other published MC-ICPMS and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) data.

Separation of high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf) and Lu from rock samples for MC‐ICPMS measurements

Standardized methods for the production of high specific-activity zirconium-89

Radiometals possess an exceptional breadth of decay properties and have been applied to medicine with great success for several decades. The majority of current clinical use involves diagnostic procedures, which use either positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon imaging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and X-ray). The potential of therapeutic radiometals has more recently been realized and relies on ionizing radiation to induce irreversible DNA damage, resulting in cell death. In both cases, radiopharmaceutical development has been largely geared toward the field of oncology; thus, selective tumor targeting is often essential for efficacious drug use. To this end, the rational design of four-component radiopharmaceuticals has become popularized. This Review introduces fundamental concepts of drug design and applications, with particular emphasis on bifunctional chelators (BFCs), which ensure secure consolidation of the radiometal and targeting vector and are integral for optimal drug performance. Also presented are detailed accounts of production, chelation chemistry, and biological use of selected main group and rare earth radiometals.

Radioactive Main Group and Rare Earth Metals for Imaging and Therapy

Separation technologies for metals recovery from industrial wastes

Background: This review provides a comprehensive summary of the production of 177Lu to meet expected future research and clinical demands. Availability of options represents the cornerstone for sustainable growth for the routine production of adequate activity levels of 177Lu having the required quality for preparation of a variety of 177Lu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. The tremendous prospects associated with production of 177Lu for use in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) dictate that a holistic consideration should evaluate all governing factors that determine its success. Methods: While both “direct” and “indirect” reactor production routes offer the possibility for sustainable 177Lu availability, there are several issues and challenges that must be considered to realize the full potential of these production strategies. Results: This article presents a mini review on the latest developments, current status, key challenges and possibilities for the near future. Conclusion: A broad understanding and discussion of the issues associated with 177Lu production and processing approaches would not only ensure sustained growth and future expansion for the availability and use of 177Lu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, but also help future developments.

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Production of (177)Lu for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: Available Options.

Solvent extraction of gold.

Important liquid ion exchangers and the applications of their cationic and anionic forms in the studies of separation of zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum and tungsten through solvent extraction and RPEC systems have been reviewed.

N. R. Das

Papers

Solvent extraction of gold.

Liquid ion exchangers and their uses in the separation of zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum and tungsten

Separation of carrier free lutetium produced in proton activated ytterbium with HDEHP

LLX separation of carrier-free 47Sc, 48V and 48,49,51Cr produced in α-particle activated titanium with HDEHP

Simultaneous production of 89Zr and 90,91m,92mNb in α-particle activated yttrium and their subsequent separation by HDEHP