An in vitro antagonistic efficacy validation of Rhizophora mucronata

Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial activity of Anamirta cocculus (Linn.) seeds

Background: Plant derived bioactive compounds are gaining attention worldwide owing to their benign nature and various therapeutic uses. Being highly productive and diverse ecosystem, mangroves are enriched with varied classes of phytochemicals that have immense importance in the field of natural product-based medicines. Purpose: This review was conceived with the idea of highlighting the research based on bioactive compounds obtained from mangrove ecosystem. Study design: An attempt has been made to find out the mangrove species, which have been reported for high phytochemical content along with other biological activity. Methods: Thorough literature search till 2020 was carried out using various scientific web-based search engines. Keywords used during the search has been discussed in detail in the main manuscript. Chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw Professional 15. Results: Separation strategies adopted by different researchers have been evaluated thoroughly. A detailed phytochemical profiling obtained qualitatively from different mangrove species have been listed along with the bioactive compounds isolated from those species. Apart from these, other biopotency studies like antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer and radical scavenging activities of plant extracts are also discussed in detail. Discussions: An attempt was made to find out the bioactive potential of different mangrove species so that they can be used for therapeutic purposes. Apart from antioxidants, these natural classes of chemicals have also proven their antimicrobial activities against human, animal, and plant pathogens. Discussion has been done on application of mangroves in cancer therapy and on prospects of the phytochemicals in novel drug discovery. Deciphering the bioactivities of these species will provide new leads in discovering new therapeutic agents and unveiling the source of already known pharmacological compounds.

A review on potential bioactive phytochemicals for novel therapeutic applications with special emphasis on mangrove species

Placing indicators on the packaging is a solution that can be used to monitor the quality of food packaged. The application of indicators to packaging technology is known as smart packaging. Filter paper is one paper that can be used as an intelligent packaging element that functions as an indicator because it can absorb pH indicator solutions that are applied to monitor the freshness of meat. The research objective was to make smart packaging indicators that have high sensitivity to amine compounds such as ammonia, indole, and cadaverine; thus, it can monitor the quality of meat stored at cold temperatures. The filter paper used was Whatman number 1 filter paper which soaked with pH indicators namely Phenol Red (PR); Phenol Red (PR) + Bromothymol Blue (BTB), and Bromothymol Blue (BTB). Smart packaging was applied to packaged fresh meat and stored in cold temperatures. During the storage, the results of the microbial and enzymatic decomposition of proteins and amino acids in fresh meat such as ammonia, indole and cadaverine compound accumulated in smart packaging indicators and cause color changes in the paper indicator. The results obtained indicated that the utilization of filter paper with PR + BTB immersion had a significant sensitivity of color change that can be used to observe changes in the quality of fresh meat stored in cold temperatures.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012076/pdf

Sensitivity determination of indicator paper as smart packaging elements in monitoring meat freshness in cold temperature

Natural products play a key role in meeting the global demand for new pharmacologically active substances. Since marine and coastal environments possess considerable biological diversity having added reasons to produce secondary metabolites, they are looked upon as potential candidates for drug discovery. Mangroves inhabit the transition zone between land and sea; therefore it is assumed that they would produce outstanding natural products on their own. The unique environment of mangrove forests harbors diverse groups of microorganisms, including the endophytes. Endophytes, which live asymptomatically within living plant tissues, are an under explored group of microorganisms and hence studies on these microbes from unique ecosystems offer resources with immense biotechnological potential. This article attempts to give an insightful review on the efforts currently being made to explore the bioactive compounds produced by mangrove endophytes.

Pharmacological profile of mangrove endophytes - a review

The antibacterial activity of leaf extract of mangroves, namely, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba and Exoecaria agallocha from Chorao island, Goa was investigated against human bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis. As compared to aqueous, ethanol extract showed broadâ??spectrum activity. The multidrugâ??resistant (MDR) bacteria Salmonella typhi was inhibited by the ethanol extract of S. alba leaf whereas the other two resistant bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. were inhibited by the ethanol extract of leaves of all the species. The aqueous extract of S. alba and E. agallocha showed their activity against P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phenol and volatile oils in the leaves of mangroves. Further studies using different solvents for extraction are necessary to confirm that mangroves are a better source for the development of novel antibiotics.

https://www.ijpsonline.com/articles/antibacterial-activity-of-mangrove-leaf-extracts-against-human-pathogens.pdf

N S S Mulla

Papers

Antibacterial activity of mangrove leaf extracts against human pathogens