An adaptive interface for a programmable system, for predicting a desired user function, based on user history, as well as machine internal status and context. The apparatus receives an input from the user and other data. A predicted input is presented for confirmation by the user, and the predictive mechanism is updated based on this feedback. Also provided is a pattern recognition system for a multimedia device, wherein a user input is matched to a video stream on a conceptual basis, allowing inexact programming of a multimedia device. The system analyzes a data stream for correspondence with a data pattern for processing and storage. The data stream is subjected to adaptive pattern recognition to extract features of interest to provide a highly compressed representation that may be efficiently processed to determine correspondence. Applications of the interface and system include a video cassette recorder (VCR), medical device, vehicle control system, audio device, environmental control system, securities trading terminal, and smart house. The system optionally includes an actuator for effecting the environment of operation, allowing closed-loop feedback operation and automated learning.

Adaptive pattern recognition based control system and method

The Wireless Integrated Network Sensor Next Generation (WINS NG) nodes provide distributed network and Internet access to sensors, controls, and processors that are deeply embedded in equipment, facilities, and the environment. The WINS NG network is a new monitoring and control capability for applications in transportation, manufacturing, health care, environmental monitoring, and safety and security. The WINS NG nodes combine microsensor technology, low power distributed signal processing, low power computation, and low power, low cost wireless and/or wired networking capability in a compact system. The WINS NG networks provide sensing, local control, remote reconfigurability, and embedded intelligent systems in structures, materials, and environments.

Method for collecting and processing data using internetworked wireless integrated network sensors (WINS)

Apparatus for internetworked wireless integrated network sensors (wins)

Semiconductor optical amplifiers are useful building blocks for all-optical gates as wavelength converters and OTDM demultiplexers. The paper reviews the progress from simple gates using cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing to the integrated interferometric gates using cross-phase modulation. These gates are very efficient for high-speed signal processing and open up interesting new areas, such as all-optical regeneration and high-speed all-optical logic functions.

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Semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical gates for high-speed optical processing

This paper reviews advanced optical burst switching (OBS) and optical packet switching (OPS) technologies and discusses their roles in the future photonic Internet. Discussions include optoelectronic and optical systems technologies as well as systems integration into viable network elements (OBS and OPS routers). Optical label switching (OLS) offers a unified multiple-service platform with effective and agile utilization of the available optical bandwidth in support of voice, data, and multimedia services on the Internet Protocol. In particular, OLS routers with wavelength routing switching fabrics and parallel optical labeling allow forwarding of asynchronously arriving variable-length packets, bursts, and circuits. By exploiting contention resolution in wavelength, time, and space domains, the OLS routers can achieve high throughput without resorting to a store-and-forward method associated with large buffer requirements. Testbed demonstrations employing OLS edge routers show high-performance networking in support of multimedia and data communications applications over the photonic Internet with optical packets and bursts switched directly at the optical layer

Optical Packet and Burst Switching Technologies for the Future Photonic Internet

We demonstrate a 40-Gb/s demultiplexer using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (UNI). Bit-error-rate (BER) measurements are performed yielding incurred power penalties less than 3.3 dB for BER of 10/sup -9/.

40-Gb/s demultiplexing using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (UNI)

All-optical switches find applications in ultrahigh-speed network–user interfaces and in specialized high-speed processors, such as data regenerators and encryptors and microwave signal generators. We describe a semiconductor optical-amplifier-based single-arm interferometric switch called the ultrafast nonlinear interferometer. We discuss how the gain and the refractive-index nonlinearities in semiconductor optical amplifiers have an impact on the all-optical switch design, and we review experimental results obtained with the ultrafast nonlinear interferometer.

Interferometric all-optical switches for ultrafast signal processing

We demonstrate 40-Gbit/s all-optical bitwise inversion and wavelength conversion, using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer. This device uses optically induced gain and index nonlinearities in a semiconductor amplifier to achieve the high-rate switching. The device is cascadable and can be configured to perform a variety of switching functions. As an example, 10-Gbit/s results of or and nor gating are presented.

40-Gbit/s cascadable all-optical logic with an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer

In a network having a trace capability, a method to track the connectivity of the network uses the trace messages. A network manager creates a list of ports in the network and uses that list to track the connectivity. For each port, the manager first checks whether there is a current connection and if it finds one, the manager enables the transmission of a trace message that identifies the transmitting port. When a trace detected message is received from a port, the network manager updates the list of ports with the connection just reported and disables the trace message that was detected. A port sending a trace message that is not detected is marked as not connected in the list. The method is useful in high bandwidth circuit-based networks, such as optical networks, composed of links of many types and utilizing differing protocols.

Method for port connectivity discovery in transparent high bandwidth networks

A wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communications network is configured and operated to enable transmitter output power for a given wavelength channel to be adjusted to achieve a desired optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for the channel independently of the power levels of other optical signals carried on the same path. Optical amplifiers in the optical links extending between the transmitter and an optical receiver are configured to operate with constant gain over a specified range of input optical signal power, and the links are configured such that the power level of the signal provided to each optical amplifier is within the specified range of input signal power to prevent the deep saturation of the optical amplifiers due to optical amplifier cascading. When a channel is being added or adjusted, the OSNR of the optical communications signal received by the receiver is measured, and the power of the signal transmitted by the transmitter is adjusted to attain a desired OSNR at the receiver. Due to the constant-gain operation and input power control of the optical amplifiers, the OSNRs of other signals carried on the path are not affected, so that it is unnecessary to adjust the output power of other transmitters providing signals to the path.

Naimish Patel

Papers

40-Gb/s demultiplexing using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (UNI)

Interferometric all-optical switches for ultrafast signal processing

40-Gbit/s cascadable all-optical logic with an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer

Method for port connectivity discovery in transparent high bandwidth networks

Optical power balancer for optical amplified WDM networks