Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage.

This essential reference for graduate students and researchers provides a unified treatment of earthquakes and faulting as two aspects of brittle tectonics at different timescales. The intimate connection between the two is manifested in their scaling laws and populations, which evolve from fracture growth and interactions between fractures. The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws - producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events. The third edition of this classic treatise presents a wealth of new topics and new observations. These include slow earthquake phenomena; friction of phyllosilicates, and at high sliding velocities; fault structures; relative roles of strong and seismogenic versus weak and creeping faults; dynamic triggering of earthquakes; oceanic earthquakes; megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones; deep earthquakes; and new observations of earthquake precursory phenomena.

The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting

1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

We have used the pH-induced self-assembly of a peptide-amphiphile to make a nanostructured fibrous scaffold reminiscent of extracellular matrix. The design of this peptide-amphiphile allows the nanofibers to be reversibly cross-linked to enhance or decrease their structural integrity. After cross-linking, the fibers are able to direct mineralization of hydroxyapatite to form a composite material in which the crystallographic c axes of hydroxyapatite are aligned with the long axes of the fibers. This alignment is the same as that observed between collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals in bone.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/294/5547/1684.full.pdf

Self-assembly and mineralization of peptide-amphiphile nanofibers

A survey of models, analysis tools and compensation methods for the control of machines with friction

Introduction Design and design processes Design axioms and corollaries The independence axiom and its implications The information axiom and its implication Case studies: design of manufacturing process and intelligent machines Case studies: design products Case studies involving information content Case study: design of organization Mathematical representation of the design axioms and computerized axiomatic system Summary of axiomatic approach to design Index.

The principles of design

Preface Acknowledgement On the MIT-Pappalardo Series of Mechanical Engineering Books On CIRP Design Book Series 1. Introduction to Axiomatic Design 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Current State of Design Practice 1.3 Who Are the Designers? How Do We Design? What Is Design? 1.4 What Is the Ultimate Goal of Axiomatic Design? 1.5 Role of Axioms in Development of Science and Technology - A Technological Perspective 1.6 Axiomatic Approach vs. Algorithmic Approach 1.7 Axiomatic Design Framework 1.8 Common Mistakes Made by Designers 1.9 Comparison of Axiomatic Design with Other Methodologies 1.10 Summary References Appendix 1-A Corollaries and Theorems Homework 2. One-FR Design, the Information Axiom, and Robust Design 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Introduction to One-FR Design 2.3 Design Issues for the One-FR Design 2.4 One-FR Design and Information Content 2.5 Elimination of Bias and Reduction of Variance 2.6 Robust Design 2.7 Design Process 2.8 Summary References Appendices 2-A Pressure in Thick Wall Tube 2-B Discrete Random Variables: Expected Value, Variance, and Standard Deviation 2-C Continuous Random Variables: Expected Value, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Multivariate Random Variables Homework 3. Multi-FR Design 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Brief Review of Axiomatic Theory for Multi-FR Design 3.3 The Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom - Their Implications for a Multi-FR Design Task 3.4 On Ideal Multi-FR Design 3.5 Uncoupled and Decoupled Multi-FR Designs 3.6 Information Content and Complexity of Multi-FR Design 3.7 Integration of DPs to Minimize the Information Content 3.8 Nonlinear Multi-FR Design 3.9 Design of Dispatching and Schedules: Avoiding Traffic Congestion 3.10 Conclusions References Appendix 3-A Independence of the Two Design Axioms Appendix 3-B Corollaries and Theorems Related to Information and Complexity Homework 4. Design of Systems 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Issues Related to System Design 4.3 Classification of Systems 4.4 Axiomatic Design Thoery for Fixed Systems 4.5 Design and Operation of Large Systems 4.6 Representation of the System Architecture of Fixed Systems 4.7 Mathematical Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Systems 4.8 Application of the System Architecture 4.9 On human-machine Interface 4.10 Generation of System Architecture using Computer Science 4.11 Conclusions References Homework 5. Axiomatic Design of Software 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Axiomatic Design 5.3 Design of a Software System for a Library: An Example 5.4 Software for Design of a Rib in Injection Molding of Plastic Parts: an Example (Adapted from Kim, et al., 1991) 5.5 Axiomatic Design of Object-Oriented Software System 5.6 Case Study: Acclaro Software - Axiomatic Design of Object-Oriented Software System (ADo-oSS) for Designers 5.7 Case Study: Software Design for Real Time Control of Hardware/Software System 5.8 Software Development for Design Automation for Glass-Bulb Design 5.9 An Ideal Software System 5.10 Other Issues Related to Software Design 5.11 Conclusions References Homework 6. Axiomatic Design of Manufacturing Systems 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Basic Requirements of a Manufacturing System 6.3 Elements of Manufacturing Systems 6.4 Axiomatic Design of Fixed Manufacturing Systems for Identical Parts 6.5 Axiomatic Design of a Flexible Manufacturing System for Different Part 6.6 Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Design 6.7 Representation of Manufacturing System Architecture 6.8 Conculsions References Homework 7. Axiomatic Design of Materals and Materials Processing Techniques Summary of Chapter 7 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mixalloys 7.3 Microcellular Plastics 7.4 Layered Manufacturing Process 7.5 Conclusions References Homework 8. Product Development Summary of Chapter 8 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Mapping from the Customer Domain to the Functional Domain 8.3 Mapping from FRs to DPs 8.4 Application of the Information Axiom 8.5 Case Study - Depth Charge 8.6 Concurrent Engineering - Mapping from FR to DP to PV 8.7 Product Service 8.8 System Architecture 8.9 Conclusions References Homework 9. A Theory of Complexity - The Design Axioms, Information, Complexity, and Periodicity Summary of Chapter 9 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Complexity, Uncertainty, Information, and Periodicity 9.3 Reduction of Uncertainity - Conversion of a Design with Time-Dependent Combinatorial Complexity to a Design with Time-Dependent Periodic Complexity 9.4 Distinction between Time-Independent and Time-Dependent Complexity 9.5 Other Implications of Periodic Complexity - A Speculation 9.6 Conclusion Remarks References Homework INDEX

Axiomatic Design: Advances And Applications

Novel approach to fabricate porous sponges of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) without the use of organic solvents

A new theory for wear of metals is considered. The theory is based on the behavior of dislocations at the surface, sub-surface crack and void formation, and subsequent joining of cracks by shear deformation of the surface. The proposed theory predicts qualitatively that the wear particle shape is likely to be thin flake-like sheets and that the surface layer can undergo large plastic deformation. It also predicts a number of experimentally observed phenomena such as the difference in wear particle sizes and the dependence of fretting wear rate on displacement amplitude. All theoretical predictions are supported by experimental evidences. A wear equation is developed based on the proposed theory.

Nam P. Suh

Papers

The principles of design

Axiomatic Design: Advances And Applications

Novel approach to fabricate porous sponges of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) without the use of organic solvents

The delamination theory of wear

An overview of the delamination theory of wear