The Perfumery Ternary Diagram (PTD®) methodology predicts the headspace odor character and intensity of fragrant mixtures, applying the concept of odor value (OV) to multi-component systems. This methodology is extended here to quaternary and quinary odorant systems through the use of tetrahedric diagrams. To present this new methodology, the effect of different base notes in quaternary systems of the type (limonene + geraniol + base note + ethanol) and its forming ternary subsystems has been studied. Base notes selected were: vanillin, tonalide, ambrox, and galaxolide. The Perfumery Quaternary Diagrams (PQD) of the mixtures studied show the different headspace odor character, with ambrox and galaxolide dominating most of the composition spectrum (OVmax). The methodology was also applied to the quinary mixture (limonene + geraniol + vanillin + tonalide + ethanol), and the effect of different concentrations of tonalide on the headspace is presented. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009

Perfumery quaternary diagrams for engineering perfumes


 A lattice structure is a porous periodic structure with unit cells organized according to a pattern. Lattice structures are lightweight parts that are commonly produced by additive manufacturing techniques. Lattice structures require their topology defined which effectively defines the connectivity of their unit cell. Many of these topologies are beam-based, i.e. their unit cell is represented by a network of nodes connected with beams. Such lattice structures require a geometric modeling tool capable of generating their solid model. This paper presents a method to support the topology transition for beam-based lattice structures by controlling the geometric parameters of topologies. This control is made possible with the function representation of the geometry. The work also analyzes how suitable different beam-based lattice topologies are to support the transition. A few case studies are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/mechanicaldesign/article-pdf/145/1/011704/6938260/md_145_1_011704.pdf

Beam-based lattice topology transition with function representation

In this chapter, the Perfumery Ternary Diagram methodology is presented as a tool for the prediction and mapping of the odor character of ternary to quaternary mixtures of fragrance ingredients. To present this methodology, the effect of different base notes in simple fragrance mixtures of the type (top note+middle note+base note and/or+solvent) will be studied to illustrate the potential of this tool. In this study, the selected base notes were three ingredients commonly used in perfumery: vanillin, tonalide, and galaxolide. Moreover, as a proof of concept the PTD® predictive tool is experimentally validated using headspace gas chromatography techniques.

Design of Perfumes

Nonlinear dynamic stability analysis of imperfect architected cellular sandwich plate under impact loading

Design of two-dimensional extremal material based on truss lattices

Lightweight topology optimization of graded lattice structures with displacement constraints based on an independent continuous mapping method

Topology Optimization for Design of Hybrid Lattice Structures with Multiple Microstructure Configurations

Cross-resolution topology optimization for geometrical non-linearity by using deep learning

Topology Optimization of Geometrically Nonlinear Structures Under Thermal–Mechanical Coupling

A 3-dimensional phase diagram based on the equilateral tetrahedron has been developed to aid the visualization of the phase relation in a quaternary, multiphase system involving polymers and solvents. The technique developed is straightforward. It presents a clear picture of the “tie rods” and the “equilibrium surfaces” in a quaternary system as compared to the “tie lines” and “equilibrium curves” in a ternary system. With the aid of this 3-dimensional phase diagram, one can minimize the experimental effort in establishing the phase relations of a quaternary system.

Nan Wei

Papers

Lightweight topology optimization of graded lattice structures with displacement constraints based on an independent continuous mapping method

Topology Optimization for Design of Hybrid Lattice Structures with Multiple Microstructure Configurations

Cross-resolution topology optimization for geometrical non-linearity by using deep learning

Topology Optimization of Geometrically Nonlinear Structures Under Thermal–Mechanical Coupling

The 3-dimensional phase diagram in quaternary systems of polymers and solvents