The Impact of Event Scale: Revised

Un nouvel instrument mesurant la detresse provenant des situations interpersonnelles, le «inventory of Interpersonal Problems» (IIP), est decrit dans ses proprietes psychometriques et dans ses applications cliniques, en particulier dans l'evaluation des effets de la psychotherapie

Inventory of interpersonal problems: psychometric properties and clinical applications.

There are shortcomings in traditional theorizing about effective ways of coping with bereavement, most notably , with respect to the so - called "grief work hypothesis . " Criticisms include imprecise definition , failure to represent dynamic processing that is characteristic of grieving , lack of empirical evidence and validation across cultures and historical periods , and a limited focus on intrapersonal processes and on health outcomes . Therefore , a revised model of coping with bereavement , the dual process model , is proposed . This model identifies two types of stressors , loss - and restoration - oriented , and a dynamic , regulatory coping process of oscillation , whereby the grieving individual at times confronts , at other times avoids , the different tasks of grieving . This model proposes that adaptive coping is composed of confrontation avoidance of loss and restoration stressors . It also argues the need for dosage of grieving , that is , the need to take respite from dealing with either ...

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The dual process model of coping with bereavement: rationale and description

The dual Process model of coping with bereavement : Rationale and description

A cognitive theory of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is proposed that assumes traumas experienced after early childhood give rise to 2 sorts of memory, 1 verbally accessible and 1 automatically accessible through appropriate situational cues. These different types of memory are used to explain the complex phenomenology of PTSD, including the experiences of reliving the traumatic event and of emotionally processing the trauma. The theory considers 3 possible outcomes of the emotional processing of trauma, successful completion, chronic processing, and premature inhibition of processing. We discuss the implications of the theory for research design, clinical practice, and resolving contradictions in the empirical data.

A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder.

The new diagnostic nomenclature of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III) provides well-described categories of stress response syndromes that were not included in the previous nosology. The signs and symptoms of these syndromes used in the descriptive statements have been understood largely in terms of field studies of nonpatient populations and clinical descriptive and impressionistic studies of patient populations. We report quantitative data from the study of a population with post-traumatic stress disorder. The results confirm clinical impressions of the importance and wide prevalence of episodes of intrusive ideas and feelings in states of distress precipitated by serious life events.

Signs and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Sixty-one women who sought treatment for unresolved grief reactions 4 months to 3 years after the death of their husbands were randomly assigned to either brief dynamic psychotherapy with experienced clinicians or mutual-help group treatment led by nonclinicians. Women in both groups experienced a reduction in stress-specific and general symptoms as well as improvement in social and work functioning. Women in the brief psychotherapy group showed a greater decline in one measure of general symptoms, and there was greater attrition in the group treatment condition. When two subgroups who had completed the majority of sessions were compared, treatments were found to be equally effective.

A controlled trial of brief psychotherapy and mutual-help group treatment of conjugal bereavement

A controlled trial of brief psychotherapy and mutual-help group treatment of conjugal bereavement.

The impact of midtrimester abortion techniques on patients and staff

• A cohort of patients seeking help at a clinical research center providing time-limited brief therapy for posttraumatic stress disorders was assembled. The single life event experienced by each was death of a parent. A nonequivalent comparison group was gathered by review of hospital death records. Both groups received the same type of evaluation interview and completed the same measures, which were similar to those done for both groups by the clinical interviewer. These data indicated that while both groups contained persons with medium to high distress levels, the patient group was most uniformly composed of such persons; when compared with the field-study group, the patient group had significant and important elevations of distress levels.

Nancy B. Kaltreider

Papers

Signs and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

A controlled trial of brief psychotherapy and mutual-help group treatment of conjugal bereavement

A controlled trial of brief psychotherapy and mutual-help group treatment of conjugal bereavement.

The impact of midtrimester abortion techniques on patients and staff

Initial Psychological Response to Parental Death