International Journal of Computer and Applications

Authors. in profile

SHADE–WOA: A metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization

The focus of this research paper is to produce a novel left-handed metamaterial design for satellite frequency application. The broad usage of metamaterial in satellite application results in the creation of a compact and dual band exotic material. A new combination of circular and square ring metamaterial (CSM) design is obtained through this research. This new CSM design developed on dielectric substrate material with thickness of 1.6 mm that commonly called Epoxy Resin Fiber (FR-4). The CSM design made up of three circular rings and one square ring on the substrate layer. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) was utilised to calculate electromagnetic properties of the suggested CSM structure by adopted Finite Integration Technique (FIT). A couple of metamaterial structures were exploited to perform parametric studies while changing the dielectric base material type and array cell design. A frequency ranges between 0 and 18 GHz were selected for this numerical simulation procedure. The recommended CSM design manifests resonance frequencies exactly at 5.80 GHZ which falls in C-band and 16.61 GHz in Ku-band. In addition, the experimental result of the proposed metamaterial design manifest resonance frequencies at 5.83 and 16.71 GHz, transform this design appropriate for the C- and Ku-bands usage. Thus, with a slight difference among the simulated and measured results, the comparison was largely in agreement. Furthermore, the resonance frequency at C-band manifest left-handed metamaterial (LHM) behaviour. Hence, the proposed CSM design with special characteristics entitle for satellite applications.

A dual band left-handed metamaterial-enabled design for satellite applications

In this paper, Antenna is an evergreen field of research because of its never-ending demand in the modern communication era. In this paper metamaterial antenna is presented. “Meta” a Greek word defines “beyond” the materials provide properties beyond conventional materials. In this paper the metamaterial and micro patch antenna concepts are combined to improve the performance of the ordinary patch antenna. This metamaterial antenna is designed in FR4 Epoxy substrate with dielectric permittivity of 4.4, height of the substrate is 1.6 mm and loss tangent tan δ = 0.02 with a simple shape of rectangular patch of dimension 40 mm length and 30 mm width. This antenna is simulated in an integral based solver simulation software called CST Microwave studio v2018 and yielded best results such as return loss − 46.58 dB, VSWR 1.009 and bandwidth of 574 MHz, directivity is 3.379 dBi, gain is 3.23 dBi for the resonant frequency(fr) of 2.4 GHz. The feeding network is also designed for better integration in real time applications. This antenna is further fabricated and tested for the validation and obtained, VSWR 1.3, Return loss − 26 dB and Bandwidth of 200 MHz. This metamaterial antenna is suitable for 2.4 GHz WiFi applications.

Design of Metamaterial Antenna for 2.4 GHz WiFi Applications

Today antenna designers are paying more focus on microstrip patch antennas, because of its numerous advantages in field of communication, such as high reliability, light weight, ease of fabrication etc. But despite of its bountiful advantages, patch antennas also experience some drawbacks viz low gain and narrow bandwidth. These drawbacks can be overcome by taking care of some parameters in the design of antennas. There are numerous designing factors affecting the radiating characteristics of antenna such as patch height, feeding techniques, substrate used in manufacturing of antenna etc. The paper is focused on various bandwidth enhancement techniques. The paper comprises of a brief study in feeding techniques, parasitic patch elements, introduction of slots, dual feed, shorting pin, air gap and recently introduced concept of defective ground structure that enhances the gain and bandwidth of antenna without increasing its height.

https://www.ijcaonline.org/archives/volume148/number7/kumar-2016-ijca-911207.pdf

Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques in Microstrip Patch Antennas - A Review

The paper proposes optimization of square split-ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial unit cell using modified hybrid bacterial foraging–particle swarm optimization (BF-PSO). Optimized metamaterial unit cells are loaded into novel designed square fractal antenna for its bandwidth enhancement. The presented research is alienated in three phases: Novel design of microstrip line-fed square fractal antenna with defected ground structure is proposed in the initial phase that provides dual band performance. In second phase, with the aim of bandwidth enhancement, quasi-static model of SRR unit cell is used to optimize its structural parameters so that optimized structure resonates at desired frequency region. Modifications are included in hybrid BF-PSO algorithm as per size constraints of SRR unit cell to be optimized and for improving the convergence behavior of algorithm. The performance of modified hybrid BF-PSO algorithm is assessed against four other evolutionary techniques named as classical BFO, chaos PSO, IWO and ABC. In later phase, optimized SRR unit cells are loaded into initially designed square fractal antenna that results in broadband performance suitable for upper S-band and lower C-band wireless applications. The designed square fractal antenna without and with SRR unit cells is fabricated and tested to verify the experimental results.

Optimized metamaterial-loaded fractal antenna using modified hybrid BF-PSO algorithm

In the modern era, metamaterials are gaining enormous interest of researchers due to their peculiar electromagnetic properties. In this proposed work, a novel square Minkowski fractal-shaped metamaterial (MTM) array is designed as a superstrate of rectangular patch antenna with defected ground structure. This proposed MTM superstrate, placed at optimum height of 15 mm from the designed rectangular patch antenna, enhances the gain of antenna in wireless transmission for satellite communications. The simulation results indicate that the gain of antenna increases from 6.0 to 8.9 dB after loading it with 6 × 3 × 1 MTM array as a superstrate, which is of significant value for the whole wireless transmission system. Analytical and design results are obtained using 3D electromagnetic simulator termed as HFSS version 15.0. The left-handed metamaterial characteristics of the novel square Minkowski fractal-shaped unit cells are verified using S-parameter retrieval method in MATLAB R2014a. The exemplary prototype of proposed fractal metamaterial-loaded patch antenna is fabricated to confirm the experimental results. It is observed that reasonable agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results.

Design of Metamaterial-Loaded Rectangular Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication Applications

Image recognition plays an important role in a wide range of applications from biomedical imaging and security systems to scene surveillance and many other fields. This document presents the representation of the recognition of two images through the process of geometric comparison. The geometric comparison is performed by comparing the image with a template through the processes of edge detection, scaling, contour matching and RGB to grayscale conversion. The software utilized is NI vision which is one of applications of the National Instrument’s LabVIEW, used for the image and video processing functions.

/pdf/image-recognition-system-using-geometric-matching-and-1377vklwub.pdf

Image Recognition System using Geometric Matching and Contour Detection

This paper explores the potential of bio-inspired soft computational technique known as adaptive bacterial foraging optimization (ABFO) for the joint optimization of geometrical parameters of compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure. The presented research work is divided into three phases. In the initial phase, the intended antenna is designed and analyzed using finite element-based electromagnetic simulator Ansoft HFSS 15.0. In the subsequent phase, the analytical equations of various design parameters are modeled using curve fitting technique in MATLAB and root mean square error-based fitness functions are derived for individual design parameters. Then, a joint cost function is formulated from individual fitness functions for evaluation in optimization algorithm. Adaptive BFO is an improvement in classical BFO algorithm that dynamically adjusts the run-length unit parameter to maintain the balance between exploration–exploitation trade-off. In the final phase, a variation in the adaptive BFO algorithm termed as ‘constrained ABFO’ is projected and designed to suit the bounded constraints imposed by anticipated antenna structure. The modified algorithm is efficaciously used for joint optimization of specific design parameters to transform ‘dual-band performance’ into ‘broadband performance’ for high-speed point-to-point wireless services. The performance of design optimization using constrained ABFO is compared with the original BFO, particle swarm optimization (PSO), hybrid bacterial foraging–particle swarm optimization (BF-PSO), invasive weed optimization (IWO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) techniques to scrutinize its adequacy.

Nancy Gupta

Papers

Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques in Microstrip Patch Antennas - A Review

Optimized metamaterial-loaded fractal antenna using modified hybrid BF-PSO algorithm

Design of Metamaterial-Loaded Rectangular Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication Applications

Image Recognition System using Geometric Matching and Contour Detection

Design optimization of CPW-fed microstrip patch antenna using constrained ABFO algorithm