Human activities have led to a massive increase in $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 emissions as a primary greenhouse gas that is contributing to climate change with higher than $$1\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$
 global warming than that of the pre-industrial level. We evaluate the three major technologies that are utilised for carbon capture: pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel combustion. We review the advances in carbon capture, storage and utilisation. We compare carbon uptake technologies with techniques of carbon dioxide separation. Monoethanolamine is the most common carbon sorbent; yet it requires a high regeneration energy of 3.5 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 . Alternatively, recent advances in sorbent technology reveal novel solvents such as a modulated amine blend with lower regeneration energy of 2.17 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 . Graphene-type materials show $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 adsorption capacity of 0.07 mol/g, which is 10 times higher than that of specific types of activated carbon, zeolites and metal–organic frameworks. $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 geosequestration provides an efficient and long-term strategy for storing the captured $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 in geological formations with a global storage capacity factor at a Gt-scale within operational timescales. Regarding the utilisation route, currently, the gross global utilisation of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 is lower than 200 million tonnes per year, which is roughly negligible compared with the extent of global anthropogenic $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 emissions, which is higher than 32,000 million tonnes per year. Herein, we review different $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 utilisation methods such as direct routes, i.e. beverage carbonation, food packaging and oil recovery, chemical industries and fuels. Moreover, we investigated additional $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 utilisation for base-load power generation, seasonal energy storage, and district cooling and cryogenic direct air $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
 capture using geothermal energy. Through bibliometric mapping, we identified the research gap in the literature within this field which requires future investigations, for instance, designing new and stable ionic liquids, pore size and selectivity of metal–organic frameworks and enhancing the adsorption capacity of novel solvents. Moreover, areas such as techno-economic evaluation of novel solvents, process design and dynamic simulation require further effort as well as research and development before pilot- and commercial-scale trials.

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Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review

Synthesis of chitosan aerogels as promising carriers for drug delivery: A review.

Chitosan based ZnO nanoparticles loaded gallic-acid films for active food packaging.

Recently, the catastrophe of global warming by virtue of carbon dioxide emissions has turned into paramount anxiety. To overcome this issue, various carbon dioxide capture and separation processes have been presented so far. Absorption and adsorption are promising methods for carbon dioxide removal, however, the energy penalty drawback of the absorption technology makes the adsorption using solid adsorbents is the prevailing technology nowadays. Adsorption technologies using solid adsorbents eligible for CO2 removal from a gas mixture shown various potential features in comparison with other classic carbon dioxide removal using amine solvents. Thus, numerous groups of researchers have been involved in the modification of new solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide removal with high adsorption capacity and desired economics. Many promising physical adsorbents such as carbonaceous materials (activated carbons, carbon molecular sieve, carbon nanotubes, and graphene) and non-carbonaceous materials (Zeolite-based, silica-based, metal-organic framework materials) for capturing of carbon dioxide have been reviewed. The performance features of the solid adsorbents are evaluated in terms of some desired criteria such as CO2 uptake, CO2 selectivity, adsorbent regeneration, adsorption/regeneration kinetics, and durability. A comprehensive evaluation and analysis study of the literature on the physical solid adsorbents have been executed to update the new progress in this area. A brief comparison of some adsorbents at different stages is located. Finally, some recommendations have been presented for future research to advance the carbon dioxide capturing using physical solid materials.

Carbon dioxide removal through physical adsorption using carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous adsorbents: A review

Chemically modified carbonaceous adsorbents for enhanced CO2 capture: A review

Chitosan grafted graphene oxide aerogel: Synthesis, characterization and carbon dioxide capture study.

Since last few years, climate change has been a serious concern all over the world. The concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have been increasing at an alarming rate and this has been a key contributor to global warming and associated climate change. Hence, there is a global demand to reduce atmospheric CO2 for balancing our climatic condition. Herein, we have synthesized cost-effective and environment-friendly chitosan grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CSMWCNTs) based solid adsorbents for the capture of carbon dioxide as well as an efficient catalyst for its chemical fixation. Physical characterization of CSMWCNTs was done by fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CO2 uptake capacity of CSMWCNTs was found to be significantly higher (1.92 ccg−1) than that of pure chitosan but lower than functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (10.20 ccg−1). Moreover, it has been found that CSMWCNTs shows significant catalytic activity towards the chemical fixation of CO2 with epoxides (propylene oxide and styrene oxide) and leading to the formation of corresponding cyclic carbonates. Cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides is one of the greenest approach to form high value added organic chemicals which have several applications as synthons in fine chemicals, petrochemicals, valuable intermediates, antifoam additives, engineering plastics and pharmaceuticals. Hence, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time capture and chemical fixation of CO2 (at atmospheric pressure) by CSMWCNTs is being reported herein and which may help to reduce CO2 gas from the atmosphere.

Capture and chemical fixation of carbon dioxide by chitosan grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the main greenhouse gas and is primarily responsible for global warming and climate change. The greatest challenge in contemporary environmental research is reducing anthropogenic CO2 gas in the atmosphere by developing effective and efficient materials and control methods. We propose chitosan–graphene oxide and arginine-based aerogels for CO2 capture and fixation characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The chitosan-based aerogel was used as a CO2 adsorbent and its CO2 gas adsorption capacity was measured using the TGA method on its solid surface. The CO2 gas adsorption was equal to 24.15 wt% (5.48 mmolg-1) at 35 °C for 35 min. Chitosan–graphene oxide and arginine-based aerogels exhibited a much higher CO2 capture capacity than that of pure chitosan. Chitosan–graphene oxide and arginine-based aerogels were used as catalysts for the insertion of CO2 into organic molecules leading to the formation of new organic molecules with the help of a cocatalyst. The fixation of CO2 with epoxide was observed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thus, our findings can aid in reducing anthropogenic CO2 gas from the atmosphere by synthesizing new organic compounds using anthropogenic CO2. 

Nazrul Hsan

Papers

Chitosan grafted graphene oxide aerogel: Synthesis, characterization and carbon dioxide capture study.

Capture and chemical fixation of carbon dioxide by chitosan grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Arginine containing chitosan-graphene oxide aerogels for highly efficient carbon capture and fixation