Digital watermarking is a key ingredient to copyright protection. It provides a solution to illegal copying of digital material and has many other useful applications such as broadcast monitoring and the recording of electronic transactions. Now, for the first time, there is a book that focuses exclusively on this exciting technology. Digital Watermarking covers the crucial research findings in the field: it explains the principles underlying digital watermarking technologies, describes the requirements that have given rise to them, and discusses the diverse ends to which these technologies are being applied. As a result, additional groundwork is laid for future developments in this field, helping the reader understand and anticipate new approaches and applications.

Digital Watermarking

The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

A fast and effective image fusion method is proposed for creating a highly informative fused image through merging multiple images. The proposed method is based on a two-scale decomposition of an image into a base layer containing large scale variations in intensity, and a detail layer capturing small scale details. A novel guided filtering-based weighted average technique is proposed to make full use of spatial consistency for fusion of the base and detail layers. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain state-of-the-art performance for fusion of multispectral, multifocus, multimodal, and multiexposure images.

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Image Fusion With Guided Filtering

Pixel-level image fusion

Infrared and visible image fusion methods and applications: A survey

A novel image fusion performance metric using mutual information is proposed. The metric is based on Tsallis entropy, which is a one-parameter generalisation of Shannon entropy. Experimental results have confirmed that the proposed metric outperforms the standard MI metric by correlating better with the subjective quality of fused images.

Image fusion metric based on mutual information and Tsallis entropy

Conventionally, a perceptual limit of three bits per sample is imposed to the basic LSB audio steganography method. In this paper, we present a novel modification to standard LSB algorithm that is able to embed four bits per sample, thus improving the capacity of data hiding channel by 33%. The proposed algorithm makes use of minimum error replacement method for LSB adjustment and modified error diffusion method for decreasing SNR value. Objective test showed the algorithm succeeds in this task, while keeping SNR value close to the level of SNR obtained by standard LSB embedding with three bits per sample capacity. Subjective listening test proved that high perceptual transparency is accomplished even if four LSBs of host audio signal are used for data hiding.

Increasing the capacity of LSB-based audio steganography

Broadband communication networks and multimedia data available in a digital format opened many challenges and opportunities for innovation. Versatile and simple-to-use software and decreasing prices of digital devices have made it possible for consumers from all around the world to create and exchange multimedia data. Broadband Internet connections and near error-free transmission of data facilitate people to distribute large multimedia files and make identical digital copies of them. A perfect reproduction in digital domain have promoted the protection of intellectual ownership and the prevention of unauthorized tampering of multimedia data to become an important technological and research issue. Digital watermarking has been proposed as a new, alternative method to enforce intellectual property rights and protect digital media from tampering. Digital watermarking is defined as imperceptible, robust and secure communication of data related to the host signal, which includes embedding into and extraction from the host signal. The main challenge in digital audio watermarking and steganography is that if the perceptual transparency parameter is fixed, the design of a watermark system cannot obtain high robustness and a high watermark data rate at the same time. In this thesis, we address three research problems on audio watermarking: First, what is the highest watermark bit rate obtainable, under the perceptual transparency constraint, and how to approach the limit? Second, how can the detection performance of a watermarking system be improved using algorithms based on communications models for that system? Third, how can overall robustness to attacks to a watermark system be increased using attack characterization at the embedding side? An approach that combined theoretical consideration and experimental validation, including digital signal processing, psychoacoustic modeling and communications theory, is used in developing algorithms for audio watermarking and steganography. The main results of this study are the development of novel audio watermarking algorithms, with the state-of-the-art performance and an acceptable increase in computational complexity. The algorithms' performance is validated in the presence of the standard watermarking attacks. The main technical solutions include algorithms for embedding high data rate watermarks into the host audio signal, using channel models derived from communications theory for watermark transmission and the detection and modeling of attacks using attack characterization procedure. The thesis also includes a thorough review of the state-of-the-art literature in the digital audio watermarking.

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Algorithms for audio watermarking and steganography

"Digital audio watermarking has been proposed as a new and alternative method to enforce intellectual property rights and protect digital audio from tampering. Digital Audio Watermarking Techniques and Technologies: Applications and Benchmarks is a comprehensive compilation of the major theoretical frameworks, research findings, and practical applications. With inclusive coverage of the most authoritative research in the area, Digital Audio Watermarking Techniques and Technologies: Applications and Benchmarks will serve as a vital reference to researchers and practitioners in a variety of disciplines, including engineering, information technology, and digital audio. With value to a diverse range of users, this Premier Reference Source suits libraries in numerous settings."

Digital Audio Watermarking Techniques and Technologies: Applications and Benchmarks

We present a novel high bit rate LSB audio watermarking method. The basic idea of the proposed LSB algorithm is watermark embedding that causes minimal embedding distortion of the host audio. Using the proposed two-step algorithm, watermark bits are embedded into higher LSB layers, resulting in increased robustness against noise addition or MPEG compression. Listening tests showed that the perceptual quality of watermarked audio is higher in the case of the proposed method than in the standard LSB method.

Nedeljko Cvejic

Papers

Image fusion metric based on mutual information and Tsallis entropy

Increasing the capacity of LSB-based audio steganography

Algorithms for audio watermarking and steganography

Digital Audio Watermarking Techniques and Technologies: Applications and Benchmarks

Increasing robustness of LSB audio steganography using a novel embedding method