Analysis of the high instantaneous NOx emissions from Euro 6 diesel passenger cars under real driving conditions

Influence of exhaust gas temperature and air-fuel ratio on NOx aftertreatment performance of five large passenger cars

Uncertainty of laboratory and portable solid particle number systems for regulatory measurements of vehicle emissions.

Review of Solar Energetic Particle Models

Development of an Emissions Monitoring Methodology Using On-Board NOx Sensors and Revision to Current in-use Emissions Regulatory Protocols

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Development of an Emissions Monitoring Methodology Using On-Board NOx Sensors and Revision to Current In-Use Emissions Regulatory Protocols

Methodology for instantaneous average exhaust gas mass flow rate measurement

: The prediction of solar energetic particle (SEP) events may help to improve the mitigation of adverse effects on humans and technology in space. UMASEP (University of M á laga Solar particle Event Predictor) is an empirical model scheme that predicts SEP events. This scheme is based on a dual-model approach. The ﬁrst model predicts well-connected events by using an improved lag-correlation algorithm for analyzing soft X-ray (SXR) and differential proton ﬂuxes to estimate empirically the Sun–Earth magnetic connectivity. The second model predicts poorly connected events by analyzing the evolution of differential proton ﬂuxes. This study presents the evaluation of UMASEP-10 version 2, a tool based on the aforementioned scheme for predicting all >10 MeV SEP events, including those without associated ﬂare. The evaluation of this tool is presented in terms of the probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR) and average warning time (AWT). The best performance was achieved for the solar cycle 24 (i.e., 2008–2019), obtaining a POD of 91.1% (41/45), a FAR of 12.8% (6/47) and an AWT of 2 h 46 min. These results show that UMASEP-10 version 2 obtains a high POD and low FAR mainly because it is able to detect true Sun–Earth magnetic connections.

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Papers

Methodology for instantaneous average exhaust gas mass flow rate measurement

Evaluation of the UMASEP-10 Version 2 Tool for Predicting All >10 MeV SEP Events of Solar Cycles 22, 23 and 24