Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) or Javanese turmeric is one of the medicine plants from Indonesia, which contains curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol. These compounds have large biological activity, such as antioxidant capacity. The location of this plant grows, affects the variance of the active compound which causes the changes in its activity. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) of the sample collected from different markets, and to classify the samples into different culsters with chemometric techniques. The antioxidant capacity is determined by using DPPH radical scavenging assay, meanwhile, TPC and TFC are determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 method using Spectrophotometry UV/Vis. These data were used to analyze the samples with chemometric principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) to classify the samples into different clusters. Sample TL02 (Sambi Market, Kediri, East Java) has the highest phenolic-flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Clustering samples based on PCA and CA resulting in 3 clusters.

/pdf/antioxidant-activity-of-temulawak-curcuma-xanthorrhiza-roxb-4i9czb27ec.pdf

Antioxidant Activity of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) and its Classification with Chemometrics

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an interesting metal nanoparticle that can be incorporated into pharmaceutical products, including for diabetic foot ulcers as an antimicrobial agent. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts has been drawing much attention as it is simple, eco-friendly, stable, and cost-effective. This present study was performed to evaluate the potential of three Indonesian medicinal plant extracts, namely Phyllanthus niruri (PN), Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), and Curcuma longa (CL), as reducing and capping agents in the green synthesis of AgNPs, and to optimize their concentrations. Based on the yields and characteristics of the formed nanoparticles, which were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer, Phyllanthus niruri extract at a concentration of 0.5% was concluded as the best extract in the green synthesis of AgNPs. It is thereby a prospective reducing and capping agent for further scale-up studies.

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/8/8/998/pdf

Process Optimization for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Indonesian Medicinal Plant Extracts

Background: Sintok lancang (Cinnamomum javanicum Blume.) is one of the typical plant of Central Kalimantan, which has not been widely studied. Local people use leaves of C. javanicum to treat various diseases, like diabetes and skin diseases. Based on this, it is necessary to do preliminary study to know phytochemical content and antioxidant potential that may be contained in this plant. Methods: C. javanicum leaves were extracted using percolator with 96% ethanol. The extract was tested for qualitative phytochemical with standard procedures, while the antioxidant test was carried out using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with quercetin as standard and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) with trolox as standard. Results: The result showed ethanolic extract of C. javanicum leaves qualitative phytochemical contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and steroid. Antioxidant activity test showed leaves of C. javanicum with DPPH method IC50= 26.99±0.27 ppm and antioxidant activity with FRAP method 779.73±19.66 µmoltrolox/g. Conclusion: It can be concluded that C. javanicum leaves have potential high antioxidant activity was tested with DPPH and FRAP method. Furthermore need further research, especially to determine specific compound of C. javanicum leaves.

https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_174133_6884915c7f37df817aa6bc747f464bb2.pdf

The phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of cinnamomum javanicum blume leaves from central kalimantan

Indonesian termites are one of the wealthiest biological resources considering their very high species diversity (300 species) and extensive geographical distribution in the Indonesian mainland. However, its potential as a source of bioactive compounds has not been fully explored. One of the endemic termite sub-families of Indonesian, Macrotermitinae (Isoptera: Termitidae), has a food source in the form of fungal nodules that grow and spread in a particular structure in the termite nest that is shaped like a mammalian brain called a fungus comb, which likely serves as a source of bioactive compounds. This study aims to analyze the potential of fungus comb from an Indonesian Macrotermitinae sub-family species as a source of antioxidants. Antioxidant activity was tested on four different extracts of fungus comb (EFC), namely hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, methanol extract and water extract, using DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS•+ (2,2′-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazolinesulphonate]) radicals. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity was found in methanol extract, followed by ethyl acetate extract with IC50 values of 0.6 mg/mL and 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) analysis confirmed the high antioxidant activity of methanol extract.

/pdf/antioxidant-activity-of-fungus-comb-extracts-isolated-from-q9204v6j.pdf

Antioxidant Activity of Fungus Comb Extracts Isolated from Indo-Malayan Termite Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera: Termitidae)

Background: Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has high potential as a traditional anticancer drug. This study aimed to analyze the anticancer activity of turmeric ethanol extract on T47D cells and examine the interaction of Akt1 protein with compounds contained in turmeric. Methods: The cytotoxicity assay was conducted using WST-1 reagents. Apoptosis assay used annexin V-PI, whereas cell cycle assay used PI, and then the results were analyzed using a flow cytometer. LC-HRMS analysis was conducted to identify the active compounds. Docking between Akt1 and ligands was performed using Autodock 4.2 software. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted using YASARA with a time parameter of 20 ns, pH 7.4, and 37°C. Results: The extract had a strong toxicity on T47D cells (cytotoxicity IC50 value: 26.36 ± 1.55 µg/mL). The extract induced apoptosis of T47D cells at the IC50 dose (~30% cells) and induced the cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Curcumin, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid and caryophyllene oxide had lower binding energy into Akt1 than AZD5363 used as a positive control. Curcumin, Ar-turmerone, and α-curcumene bind in the ATP binding pocket of Akt1, so the compounds have a high potential to be an ATP-competitive Akt1 inhibitors. The interaction of Akt1 with the compound contained in turmeric had an RMSD backbone value that was more stable than that of ATP and AZD5363. Root-mean-square fluctuation values indicated that amino acid residues that had an essential role in ligand binding sites were stable during simulation. Conclusions: The turmeric ethanol extract had a potential anti-cancer effect by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell cycle progression on T47D cells. The docking analysis showed that the active compounds of the extract, such as curcumin, Ar-turmerone, caryophyllene oxide, and α-curcumene, were able to bind into the ATP binding pocket of Akt1 that might inhibit the protein activity and induce cell cycle arrest.

https://f1000research.com/articles/11-1000/pdf

Anticancer potential of turmeric (Curcuma longa) ethanol extract and prediction of its mechanism through the Akt1 pathway

. Sukweenadi J, Yunita O, Setiawan F, Kartini, Siagian MT, Danduru AP, Avanti C. 2020. Antioxidant Activity Screening of Seven Indonesian Herbal Extract. Biodiversitas 21: 2062-2067. Kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus), pegagan (Centella asiatica), seledri (Apium graveolens), kunyit (Curcuma domestica), temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) are herbs that commonly used in the Indonesia folk medicine. The constituents that responsible for several important biological activities are phenolic and flavonoid compounds which also possess antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of those seven Indonesian herbal extracts was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The extraction was done with the reflux method by using 80% ethanol as a solvent. The total phenol and total flavonoids from each herbal extract were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity results by DPPH method on O. stamineus, C. asiatica, A. graveolens, C. domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, S. arvensis, and P. niruri showed IC50 value at 132; ND; 2221; 361; 538; 1118; and 102 ppm, respectively. Results from ABTS method, showed IC50 value at 22; 1199; 169; 100; 82; 143; and 20 ppm respectively. While results from the FRAP method showed that the ethanolic extract of P. niruri at a concentration of 20 ppm possesses the strongest antioxidant activity (17.41 ppm AEAC/ppm extract). The content of total phenolic compounds are 22.50; 0.67; 2.16; 11.40; 7.80; 7.22; and 2.62% GAE, while the total flavonoid compounds were 19.88; 6.67; 4.06; 71.02; 34.62; 3.78; and 8.34% QE, respectively. It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of P. niruri and O. stamineus obtain the highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS and FRAP method.

/pdf/antioxidant-activity-screening-of-seven-indonesian-herbal-4hw23zlgor.pdf

nggreyni Pratiwi Danduru

Papers

Antioxidant activity screening of seven Indonesian herbal extract