https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/259213304/PIIS0140673620309259.pdf

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/129488/3/hdl_129488.pdf

Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673621027240/pdf

Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Risk factors for HCC include chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C, alcohol addiction, metabolic liver disease (particularly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) and exposure to dietary toxins such as aflatoxins and aristolochic acid. All these risk factors are potentially preventable, highlighting the considerable potential of risk prevention for decreasing the global burden of HCC. HCC surveillance and early detection increase the chance of potentially curative treatment; however, HCC surveillance is substantially underutilized, even in countries with sufficient medical resources. Early-stage HCC can be treated curatively by local ablation, surgical resection or liver transplantation. Treatment selection depends on tumour characteristics, the severity of underlying liver dysfunction, age, other medical comorbidities, and available medical resources and local expertise. Catheter-based locoregional treatment is used in patients with intermediate-stage cancer. Kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to be effective treatment options in patients with advanced-stage HCC. Together, rational deployment of prevention, attainment of global goals for viral hepatitis eradication, and improvements in HCC surveillance and therapy hold promise for achieving a substantial reduction in the worldwide HCC burden within the next few decades.

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A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management.

Colostrum contains antibodies that protect the newborn against disease. Despite this fact, many Ethiopian mothers see colostrum feeding as a cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. These mothers believe that colostrum must discard to alleviate this effect. However, the cause of this misconception about colostrum was not well researched, particularly in this study area. The main aim of the present study was to assess colostrum avoidance and associated factors among mothers having children aged 6–59 months in North Wollo Zone, Northeastern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used for the statistical analysis. The prevalence of colostrum avoidance was 19 % (95 % CI 15⋅03, 22⋅89 %) among mother–child pair aged 6–59 months. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the most important predictors were breast-feeding initiation Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 6⋅369; 95 %, Confidence Interval (CI) (3⋅067, 13⋅224), pre-lacteal feeding AOR 3⋅464; 95 % CI (1⋅721, 6⋅973), shared household decision about child feeding AOR 3⋅585; 95 % CI (1⋅563, 7⋅226), Index child sex AOR 2⋅103; 95 % CI (1⋅015, 4⋅358) and health facility delivery AOR 3⋅033; 95 % CI (1⋅293, 7⋅117). The colostrum avoidance in the present study was 19 %. The study recommends the promotion of institutional delivery, timely initiation of breast-feeding, the shared household decisions about child feeding, avoiding sex preferences and stopping pre-lacteal feeding were critically important.

Nearly one-in-five mothers avoid colostrum in North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study

Early initiation of breastfeeding takes place within the first hour of life and has maternal and fetal benefits. Despite this, late initiation is prevalent in Ethiopia. This study's aim was to investigate early initiation of breastfeeding and its associated factors in children under 59 months' old in north Wollo, Ethiopia. This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020 in the north Wollo zone. A total of 385 women who had a child aged 0–59 months and attended selected health institutions (one hospital and nine health centres) were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Overall, 58.2% of women began breastfeeding within the recommended timeframe. Number of antenatal care visits, mode and place of birth and radio use were significantly associated with early initiation of breastfeeding. Despite the crucial benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding for mothers and neonates, the prevalence of early initiation in the study area was below recommended levels. Therefore, the authors recommend that health professionals inform mothers to start breastfeeding as early as possible, particularly after a caesarean section. Early initiation should be promoted to all women during the antepartum and intrapartum periods. Understanding the in-depth causes of delayed breastfeeding initiation requires further study.

Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in children under 59 months' old in northeast Ethiopia

Background Rape is the most common act of violence against women during wartime which is considered interpersonal, social and political violence because survivors usually suffer from stigma and discrimination in the community. Sexual violence is a serious threat to women’s health. The psychological and medical consequences of rape during the conflict period are not well documented. Therefore, this study investigated the psychological and medical consequences of rape among survivor in the northern Ethiopia conflict, which occurred since 2020–2022. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey supplemented with a qualitative data was conducted among survivors of rape recorded until June 2022. Health institutions that provide maternal and child health services in the study area were included. All rape victims who received medical care following the incident were included. Victims who were found in active war areas or rape care recorded before wartime were excluded. To understand the experience of raped women’s psychological consequences related to sexual assault we conducted 23 in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to conduct qualitative interpretation. Results The mean age of the participants was 31.66 (SD ± 20.95) years. One-third of 92(33.9%) of the survivors were diagnosed positive for sexually transmitted infections. Chlamydia 54(58.4%) and HIV 32(34.8%) were the most frequently diagnosed infections. Among the rape survivors, one-tenth 29(10.7%) of them were positive for pregnancy, and induced abortion was done for 13 (44.8%) women who got pregnant due to sexual assault. The armed groups not only have sexual interests but inhumane individuals and consider rape as their way of expressing abjection to civilians. Survivors of raped women are confronted with social rejection and exclusion in the community that aggravates the traumatic process. Because of shame and fear, rape survivors often do not seek help but have to be offered support proactively. The victims claimed that they didn’t able to return to their previous life and considered their future in peril. Conclusion Conflict has a multidimensional devastating life effect, especially on women’s health. The victims experienced many physical and psychological consequences. Hence, resolving conflicts with peaceful discussion has numerous benefits for civilians.

Medical and psychological consequences of rape among survivors during armed conflicts in northeast Ethiopia

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/9024258.].

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Corrigendum to "Inadequate Prenatal Visit and Home Delivery as Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes: Does Parity Matter?"

Background: Grand multiparity is still a common condition in developing countries. Although older literature showed the effect of grand multiparity on adverse pregnancy, recent reports fail to show clear evidence on the contribution of grand multiparity to adverse outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in grand multiparous and low multiparous women in Southern Ethiopia.
Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study design was employed from February to June 2018. Four hundred sixty-one (461) mothers were included in the study. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and extracting from patient charts. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were computed. Statistically significant variables were declared at P-value less than 0.05.
Results: Of the study participants, 39% (95% CI: 34.6%-43.5%) and nearly one-fourth (24.9%) (95% CI: 21.1%-29.1%) of them had at least one adverse maternal and perinatal outcome, respectively. Anemia and cesarean delivery were the most frequently encountered maternal outcomes in grand and low multiparous women, respectively. Stillbirth was reported higher in grand multiparas. When adjusted for other socio-demographic and obstetric variables, parity did not show a statistically significant difference in both maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Conclusion and recommendations: Parity did not show a statistically significant difference in both adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Many adverse pregnancy outcomes reported higher in grand multiparous women. Comprehensive obstetric care and special attention to grand multiparas may decrease obstetric complications. Further longitudinal researches are needed to better elucidate this finding.
Keywords:  Maternal outcome, Perinatal outcome, Parity, Ethiopia.

Nigus Bililign Yimer

Papers

Nearly one-in-five mothers avoid colostrum in North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study

Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in children under 59 months' old in northeast Ethiopia

Medical and psychological consequences of rape among survivors during armed conflicts in northeast Ethiopia

Corrigendum to "Inadequate Prenatal Visit and Home Delivery as Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes: Does Parity Matter?"

Pregnancy outcomes in Grand multiparous women: Does parity matter? A comparative study