Hempseeds, the edible fruits of the Cannabis sativa L plant, were initially considered a by-product of the hemp technical fibre industry Nowadays, following the restorationing of the cultivation of C sativa L plants containing an amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) <03% or 02% (industrial hemp) there is a growing interest for the hempseeds production due to their high nutritional value and functional features The goal of this review is to examine the scientific literature concerning the nutritional and functional properties of hempseeds Furthermore, we revised the scientific literature regarding the potential use of hempseeds and their derivatives as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and chronic-degenerative diseases on animal models and humans too In the first part of the work, we provide information regarding the genetic, biochemical, and legislative aspects of this plant that are, in our opinion essential to understand the difference between “industrial” and “drug-type” hemp In the final part of the review, the employment of hempseeds by the food industry as livestock feed supplement and as ingredient to enrich or fortify daily foods has also revised Overall, this review intends to encourage further and comprehensive investigations about the adoption of hempseeds in the functional foods field

The seed of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition.

The present review accentuates the elemental composition of plants as investigated by various researchers utilizing sophisticated techniques. Plants contain plethora of elements which extend their benefits to humans both in terms of medicine as well as nutrition. Therefore, there is a need to explore the elemental composition of plants to investigate their nutraceutical importance. In this review, the elemental data was analyzed using different multivariate techniques. The average values of elements used in this review are sodium (Na) (241.1 µg/g dw), magnesium (Mg) (1202.4 µg/g dw), aluminum (Al) (159.6 µg/g dw), silicon (Si) (133.7 µg/g dw), phosphorus (P) (1947 µg/g dw), sulfur (S) (1483.1 µg/g dw), chloride (Cl) (624.5 µg/g dw), potassium (K) (3008.5 µg/g dw), calcium (Ca) (1663.1 µg/g dw) and iron (Fe) (143.6 µg/g dw) respectively. Maximum accumulation of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, P and S occurs in Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Sapotaceae, Apiaceae, Pedaliaceae and Brassicaceae, respectively.

Multivariate analysis on the distribution of elements in plants

Estimation of minerals, nitrate and nitrite contents of medicinal and aromatic plants used as spices, condiments and herbal tea [Erratum: 2008 Aug. 15, v. 109, issue 4, p. 931.]

The development and use of genomic resources are essential for understanding the population genetics of crops for their efficient conservation and enhancement. Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) is an economically important oilseed crop in Ethiopia and India. The present study sought to develop new DNA markers for this crop. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted on two genotypes and 628 transcript sequences containing 959 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were developed. A competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assay was developed for the SNPs and used for genotyping of 24 accessions. A total of 554 loci were successfully genotyped across the accessions, and 202 polymorphic loci were used for population genetics analyses. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of the loci varied from 0.01 to 0.37 with a mean of 0.24, and about 49% of the loci showed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.27 suggesting moderately high genetic variation within accessions. Low but significant differentiation existed among accessions (FST = 0.045, p < 0.0001). Landrace populations from isolated areas may have useful mutations and should be conserved and used in breeding this crop. The genomic resources developed in this study were shown to be useful for population genetics research and can also be used in, e.g., association genetics.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/11/1373/pdf

New Transcriptome-Based SNP Markers for Noug ( Guizotia abyssinica ) and Their Conversion to KASP Markers for Population Genetics Analyses.

Extraction with supercritical CO2 as a solvent was evaluated in order to obtain functional additives from black sesame seeds, and compared to Soxhlet method. From the residues of oil extraction, protein concentrates were obtained by isoelectric precipitation. To evaluate the antioxidant activity extracts obtained were added to purified sunflower oil. Induction period (IP) of the oxidation process was determined at 100 °C. Also, fatty acids composition and the content of total phenols and tocopherols were determined. The use of ethanol as co-solvent in the supercritical extraction allows obtaining an increase in the yield, the content of total phenols, and the IP. In the protein concentrates obtained protein content, protein solubility as a function of pH, thermal behavior and emulsifying properties were evaluated. No large differences were found in protein content, protein solubility and emulsion destabilization kinetics of the concentrates, indicating that the oil extraction method did not affect the protein performance.

Study of sesame seeds antioxidant and emulsifying properties: Original high-quality research paper

Oilseeds are rich sources of micronutrients and contribute to combating malnutrition caused by micronutrient deficiency. The objective of this study was to investigate the mineral and anti-nutritional contents of different varieties of niger seed, linseed and sesame. Five niger seed, eight linseed and ten sesame varieties were used. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used for mineral analysis and the standard method was adopted to estimate tannin and phytate. Twelve mineral elements; Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, S, Se and Zn were analyzed for each oilseed variety. In niger seed, phosphorous was the most abundant mineral element ranging from 661 to 867 mg/100 g and selenium was the least, ranging from 0.1 to 0.33 mg/100 g. Potassium was recorded in the range of 502 to 732 mg/100 g for linseed varieties. Calcium was the most common mineral element in sesame (1112 to 1787 mg/100 g). The average phytate contents of niger seed, linseed and sesame varieties were353 mg/100 g, 104 mg/100 g and 285 mg/100 g, respectively. Tannin ranged from 91 to 201 mg/100 g, 96 to 695 mg/100 g and 85 to 660 mg/100 g in niger seed, linseed and sesame, respectively. In conclusion, there is a significant variation among the varieties within each crop species as well as among the different oilseeds in terms of their mineral and anti-nutritional contents.

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/6/4/27/pdf

Mineral and Anti-Nutritional Contents of Niger Seed (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., Linseed (Linumusitatissimum L.) and Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) Varieties Grown in Ethiopia.

Fatty acid composition and antioxidant content are major determinants of vegetable oil quality. Antioxidants are important food components, and there is an increasing interest of replacing synthetic antioxidants with those from natural sources for food industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate fatty acid composition, total phenolic, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, and antioxidant capacity of different varieties of two oilseed crops. Five niger seed and eight linseed varieties were used. For the analysis of fatty acid composition of the seed oil, gas chromatography method was used. Standard methods were used for total phenolic, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, and antioxidant properties. In niger seed oil, linoleic acid (C18:2) was the dominant fatty acid, accounting for 73.3% (variety Esete) to 76.8% (variety Ginchi) of the total fatty acids. In linseed oil, linolenic acid (C18:3) was the dominant fatty acid accounting for 55.7 (variety Chilalo) to 60.1 (variety Belaye-96). The total phenolic content ranged from 22.4 mg GAE/g (variety Esete) to 27.9 mg GAE/g (variety Ginchi) in niger seed and from 20.5 mg GAE/g (variety Belay-96) to 25.4 mg GAE/g (variety Ci-1525) in linseed. In niger seed, variety Fogera had the highest values for FRAP and radical scavenging activity. The carotenoid content also showed significant variation among the varieties ranging from 2.57 (Esete) to 8.08 (Kuyu) μmol/g for niger and 4.13 (Tole) to 8.66 (Belay-96) μmol/g for linseed. The FRAP assay showed that variety Fogera of niger seed and variety Chilalo of linseed came on top among their respective varieties with values of 57.2 and 30.6, respectively. Both niger seed and linseed were shown to be rich in bioactive compounds. However, significant variation was observed among the varieties of each crop and among the two crops in their total phenolic and carotenoid contents as well as ferric reducing potential and radical scavenging capacity. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of more than one group in both niger seed and linseed. Hence, genetic variation among the varieties should be utilized for improving their desirable characteristics through breeding. Both oil crops can be used as the source of antioxidants for replacing synthetic compounds.

/pdf/fatty-acid-profile-total-phenolic-content-and-antioxidant-4kwcznl67e.pdf

Nigussie Retta

Papers

Mineral and Anti-Nutritional Contents of Niger Seed (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., Linseed (Linumusitatissimum L.) and Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) Varieties Grown in Ethiopia.

Fatty Acid Profile, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Niger Seed (Guizotia abyssinica) and Linseed (Linum usitatissimum).

Sterols as a biomarker in tracing niger and sesame seeds oils adulterated with palm oil.