Ultimate Limits to Intercalation Reactions for Lithium Batteries

Rechargeable batteries can effectively store electrical energy as chemical energy, and release it when needed, providing a good choice for applications in electric vehicles (EVs). Naturally, safety concerns are the key issue for the application of battery technology in EVs. Olivine LiFePO4 is considered to be the most promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its environmental friendliness, high cycling performance and safety characteristics. Some important breakthroughs in recent years have allowed its successful commercialization. However, in spite of its success, the commercial application of LiFePO4 batteries in EVs is still hindered by some technological obstacles. Herein, we provide an update on our previous review, and overview the most significant advances in the remaining challenges for this promising battery material. New research directions and future trends have also been discussed.

Olivine LiFePO4: the remaining challenges for future energy storage

Carbon‐Nanotube‐Decorated Nano‐LiFePO4 @C Cathode Material with Superior High‐Rate and Low‐Temperature Performances for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Key strategies for enhancing the cycling stability and rate capacity of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as high-voltage cathode materials for high power lithium-ion batteries

Extraction of lithium with functionalized lithium ion-sieves

Studies of V doping for the LiFePO4-based Li Ion batteries

Effect of Mn2+-doping in LiFePO4 and the low temperature electrochemical performances

The effect of the lithium boron oxide glass coating on the electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 has been investigated via solution method. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of the bare and coated LiNi1/3Co 1/3Mn1/3O2 are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and charge-discharge tests. The results showed that the lattice structure of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is not changed after coating. The coating sample shows good high-rate discharge performance (148 mAh g-1 at 5.0 C rate) and cycling stability even at high temperature (with the capacities retention about 99% and 87% at room and elevated temperature after 50 cycles). The Li+ diffusion coefficient is also largely improved, while the charge transfer resistance, side reactions within cell, and the erosion of Hydrofluoric Acid all reduced. Consequently, the good electrochemical performances are obtained.

Effect of lithium boron oxide glass coating on the electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2

The electrochemical performance of Li3V2(PO4)3/C was investigated at various low temperatures in the electrolyte 1.0 mol dm−3 LiPF6/ethyl carbonate (EC)+diethyl carbonate (DEC)+dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (volume ratio 1:1:1). The stable specific discharge capacity is 125.4, 122.6, 119.3, 116.6, 111.4, and 105.7 mAh g−1 at 26, 10, 0, −10, −20, and −30 °C, respectively, in the voltage range of 2.3–4.5 V at 0.2 C rate. When the temperature decreases from −30 to −40 °C, there is a rapid decline in the capacity from 105.7 to 69.5 mAh g−1, implying that there is a nonlinear relationship between the performance and temperature. With temperature decreasing, R
 ct (corresponding to charge transfer resistance) increases rapidly, D (the lithium ion diffusion coefficients) decreases sharply, and the performance of electrolyte degenerates obviously, illustrating that the low-temperature electrochemical performance of Li3V2(PO4)3/C is mainly limited by R
 ct, D
 Li, and electrolyte.

Low-temperature behavior of Li3V2(PO4)3/C as cathode material for lithium ion batteries

By using LiCO3 and MnO2, a rheological-phase-assisted microwave synthesis method has been applied in the fast preparation of spinel LiMn2O4 in order to reduce the cost of cathode materials. Comparing with the pristine LiMn2O4 obtained by the traditional solid-state reaction method, the structure and surface morphology of the samples synthesized by the rheological-phase-assisted microwave synthesis method have been investigated. The powders were used as positive materials for lithium-ion battery, whose charge/discharge properties and cycle performance have been examined in detail. As a result, the powders prepared by the rheologicalphase-assisted microwave synthesis method at 750 degrees C are pure spinel LiMn2O4 with regular shapes and uniform distribution, which exhibit higher capacity and much better reversibility than the sample prepared by the traditional solid-state reaction.

Ning Hua

Papers

Studies of V doping for the LiFePO4-based Li Ion batteries

Effect of Mn2+-doping in LiFePO4 and the low temperature electrochemical performances

Effect of lithium boron oxide glass coating on the electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2

Low-temperature behavior of Li3V2(PO4)3/C as cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Preparation and electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 by a rheological-phase-assisted microwave synthesis method