To study the operational behaviour of λ-terms, we will use the denotational (mathematical) approach. A denotational semantics for a language is based on the choice of a space of semantics values, or denotations, where terms are to be interpreted. Choosing a space with nice mathematical properties can help in proving the semantic properties of terms, since to this aim standard mathematical techniques can be used.

λ Δ -Models

A wound therapy device is disclosed. The wound therapy device may include a housing for covering at least a portion of a wound and for sealing to a body surface of a patient. The housing may also include a liquid collector for retaining liquid therein and a vacuum connection for coupling to a vacuum source. The vacuum connection may be in gaseous communication with the liquid collector. The vacuum connection may be separated from the liquid collector by a liquid barrier.

Device and method for wound therapy

Physics of Flow through Porous Media

An apparatus for cleansing wounds in which irrigant fluid from a reservoir connected to a conformable wound dressing and wound exudate from the dressing are recirculated by a device for moving fluid through a flow path which passes through the dressing and a means for fluid cleansing and back to the dressing. The cleansing means (which may be a single-phase, e.g. microfiltration, system or a two-phase, e.g. dialytic system) removes materials deleterious to wound healing, and the cleansed fluid, still containing materials that are beneficial in promoting wound healing, is returned to the wound bed. The dressing and a method of treatment using the apparatus.

Apparatus for aspirating, irrigating and cleansing wounds

A wound treatment appliance is provided for treating all or a portion of a wound. In some embodiments, the appliance comprises an impermeable flexible overlay that covers all or a portion of the wound for purposes of applying a reduced pressure to the covered portion of the wound. In other embodiments, the impermeable flexible overlay comprises suction assistance means, such as channels, which assist in the application of reduced pressure to the area of the wound and removal of exudate from the wound. In other embodiments, the wound treatment appliance also includes a vacuum system to supply reduced pressure to the wound in the area under the flexible overlay. In yet other embodiments, the wound treatment appliance also includes wound packing means to prevent overgrowth of the wound or to encourage growth of the wound tissue into an absorbable matrix comprising the wound packing means. In still other embodiments, the appliance may include a suction drain. In other embodiments, the appliance may include a collection chamber to collect and store exudate from the wound. In yet other embodiments, a suction bulb may be used to provide a source of reduced pressure to an impermeable overlay that covers all or a portion of the wound. Finally, methods are provided for using various embodiments of the wound treatment appliance.

Flexible reduced pressure treatment appliance

In relation to the engineering of compression resistant thermal insulation materials, an unconventional application of hydroentangling technology is introduced in which, lightweight, wool webs are mechanically attached to one side of preformed knitted spacer fabrics to partially occlude the underlying apertures. In contrast to conventional homogeneous fabrics, the resulting hydroentangled wool fiber web-spacer fabric constructs have markedly reduced thermal conductivity while there is little change in the overall fabric density; this is attributed to increased air entrapment within the cross-section of the spacer fabric due to the occlusion of the large apertures in the surface. Basic underlying theoretical principles are reviewed in relation to heat transfer in fibrous materials.

The Thermal Insulation Properties of Spacer Fabrics with a Mechanically Integrated Wool Fiber Surface

Purpose Methodology of co-product handling is a critical determinant of calculated resource use and environmental emissions per kilogram (kg) product but has not been examined in detail for different sheep production systems. This paper investigates alternative approaches for handling coproduction of wool and live weight (LW, for meat) from dual purpose sheep systems to the farm-gate. Methods Seven methods were applied; three biophysical allocation (BA) methods based on protein requirements and partitioning of digested protein, protein mass allocation (PMA), economic allocation (EA) and two system expansion (SE) methods. Effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fossil energy demand and land occupation (classified according to suitability for arable use) were assessed using four contrasting case study (CS) farm systems. A UK upland farm (CS 1) and a New Zealand hill farm (CS 2) were selected to represent systems focused on lamb and coarse-textured wool for interior textiles. Two Australian Merino sheep farms (CS 3, CS 4) were selected to represent systems focused on medium to superfine garment wool, and lamb. Results and discussion Total GHG emissions per kilogram total products (i.e. wool+LW) were similar across CS farms. However, results were highly sensitive to the method of coproduct handling. GHG emissions based on BA of wool protein to wool resulted in 10–12 kg CO2-e/kg wool (across all CS farms), whereas it increased to 24–38 kg CO2-e/kg wool when BA included a proportion of sheep maintenance requirements. Results for allocation% generated using EA varied widely from 4 % (CS 1) to 52 % (CS 4). SE using beef as a substitution for sheep meat gave the lowest, and often negative, GHG emissions from wool production. Different methods were found to re-order the impacts across the four case studies in some instances. A similar overall pattern was observed for the effects of co-product handling method on other impact categories for three of the four farms. Conclusions BA based on protein partitioning between sheep wool and LW is recommended for attributional studies with the PMA method being an easily applied proxy for the more detailed BA methods. Sensitivity analysis using SE is recommended to understand the implications of system change. Sensitivity analysis using SE is recommended to investigate implications of choosing alternative products or systems, and

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Application of life cycle assessment to sheep production systems: investigating co-production of wool and meat using case studies from major global producers

The invention provides a non-woven fabric comprising at least two separate but interconnected layers, each of the layers being provided with discrete interconnections so as to provide discrete voids between the two layers of fabric.

Nonwoven spacer fabric

A new general model of the directional permeability in homogeneous, anisotropic nonwoven structures is presented. It is based on drag-force theory and D'Arcy's Law. Structural parameters in the fabric are considered, including fibre diameter, porosity, and the fibre-orientation distribution. The governing equations of the local permeability in two- and three-dimensional structures are derived, which allow the permeability in any direction in the fabric to be calculated. It is demonstrated that fibre orientation is a major factor influencing the anisotropy of permeability.

Ningtao Mao

Papers

The Thermal Insulation Properties of Spacer Fabrics with a Mechanically Integrated Wool Fiber Surface

Application of life cycle assessment to sheep production systems: investigating co-production of wool and meat using case studies from major global producers

Nonwoven spacer fabric

Directional Permeability in Homogeneous Nonwoven Structures Part I: The Relationship between Directional Permeability and Fibre Orientation

Fe/N-codoped carbocatalysts loaded on carbon cloth (CC) for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade methyl orange dyes