[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Instead of minimizing the observed training error, Support Vector Regression (SVR) attempts to minimize the generalization error bound so as to achieve generalized performance. The idea of SVR is based on the computation of a linear regression function in a high dimensional feature space where the input data are mapped via a nonlinear function. SVR has been applied in various fields - time series and financial (noisy and risky) prediction, approximation of complex engineering analyses, convex quadratic programming and choices of loss functions, etc. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the existing theory, methods, recent developments and scopes of SVR.

Support Vector Regression

Computer and Robot Vision Vol. 1, by R.M. Haralick and Linda G. Shapiro, Addison-Wesley, 1992, ISBN 0-201-10887-1.

Computer and Robot Vision

The notion of fuzziness as defined in this paper relates to situations in which the source of imprecision is not a random variable or a stochastic process, but rather a class or classes which do not possess sharply defined boundaries, e.g., the “class of bald men,” or the “class of numbers which are much greater than 10,” or the “class of adaptive systems,” etc. A basic concept which makes it possible to treat fuzziness in a quantitative manner is that of a fuzzy set, that is, a class in which there may be grades of membership intermediate between full membership and non-membership. Thus, a fuzzy set is characterized by a membership function which assigns to each object its grade of membership (a number lying between 0 and 1) in the fuzzy set. After a review of some of the relevant properties of fuzzy sets, the notions of a fuzzy system and a fuzzy class of systems are introduced and briefly analyzed. The paper closes with a section dealing with optimization under fuzzy constraints in which an approach to...

Fuzzy sets and systems

International Joint Conference on Neural Networks

Automatic cervical cell segmentation and classification in Pap smears

The proportion of counts of different types of white blood cells in the bone marrow, called differential counts, provides invaluable information to doctors for diagnosis. Due to the tedious nature of the differential white blood cell counting process, an automatic system is preferable. In this paper, we investigate whether information about the nucleus alone is adequate to classify white blood cells. This is important because segmentation of nucleus is much easier than the segmentation of the entire cell, especially in the bone marrow where the white blood cell density is very high. In the experiments, a set of manually segmented images of the nucleus are used to decouple segmentation errors. We analyze a set of white-blood-cell-nucleus-based features using mathematical morphology. Fivefold cross validation is used in the experiments in which Bayes' classifiers and artificial neural networks are applied as classifiers. The classification performances are evaluated by two evaluation measures: traditional and classwise classification rates. Furthermore, we compare our results with other classifiers and previously proposed nucleus-based features. The results show that the features using nucleus alone can be utilized to achieve a classification rate of 77% on the test sets. Moreover, the classification performance is better in the classwise sense when the a priori information is suppressed in both the classifiers

Morphological Granulometric Features of Nucleus in Automatic Bone Marrow White Blood Cell Classification

An automatic segmentation technique for microscopic bone marrow white blood cell images is proposed in this paper. The segmentation technique segments each cell image into three regions, i.e., nucleus, cytoplasm, and background. We evaluate the segmentation performance of the proposed technique by comparing its results with the cell images manually segmented by an expert. The probability of error in image segmentation is utilized as an evaluation measure in the comparison. From the experiments, we achieve good segmentation performances in the entire cell and nucleus segmentation. The six-class cell classification problem is also investigated by using the automatic segmented images. We extract four features from the segmented images including the cell area, the peak location of pattern spectrum, the first and second granulometric moments of nucleus. Even though the boundaries between cell classes are not well-defined and there are classification variations among experts, we achieve a promising classification performance using neural networks with five-fold cross validation.

White blood cell segmentation and classification in microscopic bone marrow images

Finding the correct boundary in noisy images is still a difficult task. This paper introduces a new edge following technique for boundary detection in noisy images. Utilization of the proposed technique is exhibited via its application to various types of medical images. Our proposed technique can detect the boundaries of objects in noisy images using the information from the intensity gradient via the vector image model and the texture gradient via the edge map. The performance and robustness of the technique have been tested to segment objects in synthetic noisy images and medical images including prostates in ultrasound images, left ventricles in cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images, aortas in cardiovascular MR images, and knee joints in computerized tomography images. We compare the proposed segmentation technique with the active contour models (ACM), geodesic active contour models, active contours without edges, gradient vector flow snake models, and ACMs based on vector field convolution, by using the skilled doctors' opinions as the ground truths. The results show that our technique performs very well and yields better performance than the classical contour models. The proposed method is robust and applicable on various kinds of noisy images without prior knowledge of noise properties.

Boundary Detection in Medical Images Using Edge Following Algorithm Based on Intensity Gradient and Texture Gradient Features

Cell segmentation is one of important steps in the automatic white blood cell dierential counting. In this paper, we propose a technique to segment singlecell images of white blood cells in bone marrow into two regions, i.e., nucleus and non-nucleus. The segmentation is based on the fuzzy C-means clustering and mathematical morphology. The segmentation results are compared to an expert’s manually segmented images. The initial investigation of the use of the derived segmented images in the cell classification is also performed by using the Bayes classifier.

http://www.ecti.or.th/~editoreec/Electrical%20Eng_1/v3_3.pdf

Nipon Theera-Umpon

Papers

Automatic cervical cell segmentation and classification in Pap smears

Morphological Granulometric Features of Nucleus in Automatic Bone Marrow White Blood Cell Classification

White blood cell segmentation and classification in microscopic bone marrow images

Boundary Detection in Medical Images Using Edge Following Algorithm Based on Intensity Gradient and Texture Gradient Features

Patch-Based White Blood Cell Nucleus Segmentation Using Fuzzy Clustering