KamLAND has measured the flux of nu;(e)'s from distant nuclear reactors. We find fewer nu;(e) events than expected from standard assumptions about nu;(e) propagation at the 99.95% C.L. In a 162 ton.yr exposure the ratio of the observed inverse beta-decay events to the expected number without nu;(e) disappearance is 0.611+/-0.085(stat)+/-0.041(syst) for nu;(e) energies >3.4 MeV. In the context of two-flavor neutrino oscillations with CPT invariance, all solutions to the solar neutrino problem except for the "large mixing angle" region are excluded.

First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Anti-Neutrino Disappearance

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers

http://fafnir.phyast.pitt.edu/py3765/walkingTCReview.pdf

Strong dynamics and electroweak symmetry breaking

A new mechanism for baryogenesis is proposed. It is argued that, after inflation, the scalar quarks and leptons of a supersymmetric GUT may have large expectation values. The subsequent evolution of such a system is shown to generate a significant baryon density. For typical values of the parameters, n B / n γ may be as large as 10 3 .

A New Mechanism for Baryogenesis

The salient features of CP-violating interactions in the standard electroweak theory and in a few of its popular extensions are discussed. Moreover a brief overview is given on the status and prospects of searches for CP non-conservation effects in low and high energy experiments.

CP violation

Improving the effective potential

Previously proposed procedure for improving the effective potential by using renormalization group equation (RGE) is generalized so as to be applicable to any system containing several different mass scales. If one knows L-loop effective potential and (L+1)-loop RGE coefficient functions, this procedure gives an improved potential which satisfies the RGE and contains all of the leading, next-to-leading,..., and L-th-to-leading log terms. Our procedure here also clarifies how naturally the so-called effective field theory can be incorporated in the RGE in MS bar scheme.

Improving the Effective Potential Multi-Mass-Scale Case

We propose an attractive scenario of grand unified theories in which doublet-triplet splitting is naturally realized in SO(10) unification using the Dimopoulos-Wilczek mechanism The anomalous U (1)A gauge symmetry plays an essential role in the doublet-triplet splitting mechanism It is interesting that the anomalous U (1)A charges determine the unification scale and mass spectrum of additional particles, as well as the order of the Yukawa couplings of quarks and leptons For the neutrino sector, bi-maximal mixing angles are naturally obtained, and proton decay via dimension 5 operators is suppressed It is suggestive that the anomalous U (1)A gauge symmetry motivated by superstring theory effectively solves the two biggest problems in grand unified theories, the fermion mass hierarchy problem and doublet-triplet splitting problem

/pdf/neutrino-masses-anomalous-u-1-gauge-symmetry-and-doublet-14if4o6faf.pdf

Neutrino Masses, Anomalous U(1) Gauge Symmetry and Doublet-Triplet Splitting

“Spontaneous” CP violation in the minimal supersymmetric standard model

We propose a natural Higgs sector in E_6 grand unified theory (GUT) with anomalous U(1)_A gauge symmetry. In the scenario, the doublet-triplet splitting can be realized while the proton decay via dimension 5 operator is suppressed. The gauge coupling unification is also realized without finetuning. The GUT scale is generally lower than the usual GUT scale 2\times 10^{16} GeV, the proton decay via dimension 6 operator can be seen in near future experiment. The lifetime of nucleon in the model is roughly estimated as \tau_p(p\to e^+\pi^0)\sim 3\times 10^{33} years. It is shown that the Higgs sector is compatible with the matter sector proposed by one of the authors, which reproduces the realistic quark and lepton mass matrices including bi-large neutrino mixing angle. Combining the Higgs sector and the matter sector, we can obtain the totally consistent E_6 GUT. The input parameters are only 8 integer anomalous U(1)_A charges (+3 for singlet Higgs) for the Higgs sector and 3 (half) integer charges for the matter sector.

Nobuhiro Maekawa

Papers

Improving the effective potential

Improving the Effective Potential Multi-Mass-Scale Case

Neutrino Masses, Anomalous U(1) Gauge Symmetry and Doublet-Triplet Splitting

“Spontaneous” CP violation in the minimal supersymmetric standard model

E_6 Unification, Doublet-Triplet Splitting and Anomalous U(1)_A Symmetry