An imaging lens substantially consists of a first lens-group, a stop and a second lens-group in this order from an object-side. The first lens-group substantially consists of three or less lenses including at least one negative lens and a positive lens. The second lens-group substantially consists of a 21st lens-group and a 22nd lens-group in this order from the object-side. The 21st lens-group substantially consists of three or less lenses and has positive refractive-power. The 22nd lens-group substantially consists of two lenses of a negative lens and a positive lens in this order from the object-side. Predetermined conditional formulas about distance on an optical-axis from a most-object-side lens surface in an entire system to an image-plane, maximum image height, distance on the optical-axis from a most-object-side lens surface in the first lens-group to a most-image-side lens surface in the second lens-group, and focal-length of the entire system are satisfied.

Imaging lens and imaging apparatus

The present invention provides a method for depositing nano-porous low dielectric constant films by reacting an oxidizable silicon containing compound or mixture comprising an oxidizable silicon component and an oxidizable non-silicon component having thermally liable groups with nitrous oxide, oxygen, ozone, or other source of reactive oxygen in gas-phase plasma-enhanced reaction. The deposited silicon oxide based film is annealed to form dispersed microscopic voids that remain in a nano-porous silicon oxide based film having a low-density structure. The nano-porous silicon oxide based films are useful for forming layers between metal lines with or without liner or cap layers. The nano-porous silicon oxide based films may also be used as an intermetal dielectric layer for fabricating dual damascene structures. Preferred nano-porous silicon oxide based films are produced by reaction of methylsilyl-1,4-dioxinyl ether or methylsiloxanyl furan and 2,4,6-trisilaoxane or cyclo-1,3,5,7-tetrasilylene-2,6-dioxy-4,8 dimethylene with nitrous oxide or oxygen followed by a cure/anneal that includes a gradual increase in temperature.

Very low dielectric constant plasma-enhanced CVD films

A laser beam processing machine comprising a path distribution means for distributing a pulse laser beam oscillated by pulse laser beam oscillation means to a first path and a second path alternately, and one laser beam that passes through one of the paths and is converged by one condensing lens and the other laser beam that passes through the other path and is converged by the condensing lens are applied at different focusing points which have been displaced from each other in the direction of the optical axis, alternately with a time lag between them.

Laser beam processing machine

[Problem] To enable a reduction in size, a reduction in costs, the widening of the angle of view and an increase in performance of an imaging lens, and also to eliminate restrictions on the imaging element used. [Solution] An imaging lens (1) is formed substantially from six lenses in the following order from the object side: a negative first lens (L1); a negative second lens (L2); a positive third lens (L3); a positive fourth lens (L4); a negative fifth lens (L5); and a positive sixth lens (L6). The surface on the object side of the second lens (L2) is a concave surface, and the surface on the object side of the third lens (L3) is a concave surface.

Imaging lens and imaging device

This invention provides an optical imaging lens assembly comprising five lens elements with refractive power, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens element with positive refractive power having a convex object-side surface; a second lens element with negative refractive power; a third lens element with negative refractive power; a fourth lens element with negative refractive power having at least one of the object-side and image-side surfaces thereof being aspheric; and a fifth lens element having a concave image-side surface, at least one of the object-side and image-side surfaces thereof being aspheric, and made of plastic. By such arrangement, photosensitivity and total track length of the optical imaging lens assembly can be reduced, and the aberration and astigmatism of the assembly can be effectively corrected. Moreover, high image resolution can be obtained.

Optical imaging lens assembly

A pupil conjugate-coupling device in a projecting optical system includes a first projection lens system which forms an intermediate image of an image indicating element, a second projection lens system which projects the intermediate image onto a screen, said first and second projection lens systems having optical axes intersecting at a predetermined angle, and an optical element having structural periodicity positioned between the first and second projection lens systems. The optical element has a positive power and a prism function for deflecting a bundle of rays transmitted through the first projection lens system towards the optical axis of the second projection lens system to thereby couple pupils of the first and second projection lens systems. The optical element is deviated from an intermediate image forming position by a predetermined offset in the optical axis direction thereof.

Pupil conjugate-coupling device in projecting optical system

The stereoscopic microscope includes a common close-up optical system that faces an object, a pair of zoom optical systems that form a pair of primary image, a pair of field stops, a pair of relay optical systems that relay the primary images to form a pair of secondary images, an inter-axis distance reducing element, an image taking device and an illuminating optical system. The object light rays incident on the close-up optical system form the primary images having predetermined parallax at the field stops through the zoom optical systems. The inter-axis distance reducing element reduces the inter-axis distance of the right and left light rays. The primary images are re-imaged by the relay optical systems as the secondary images on the adjacent regions on the single image taking surface of the image taking device, respectively.

Stereoscopic microscope including zoom and relay optical systems

A magnifying projecting lens has a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group and a positive third lens group that is arranged in this order from a magnifying side. The lens groups are arranged so as to satisfy the following condition: fb/f>1.7, wherein fb equals a back focus when an object distance is ∞ f equals a focal length of the lens.

Magnifying projecting lens

An image combining and projecting apparatus having a plurality of light transmission type image panels through which light beams are transmitted, condenser lenses corresponding to the light transmission type image panels, a beam combining mechanism which combines beams transmitted through the image panels, and a projection lens through which beams are projected after being combined by the beam combining mechanism, wherein the condenser lenses are provided on the light outgoing side of the corresponding image panels. The apparatus further has a condenser lens adjusting mechanism for adjusting the positions of the condenser lenses.

Apparatus for combining and projecting images

PURPOSE:To obtain a projection optical system in which a Fresnel fringes of Fresnel-elements having a prism operation and a positive power are not projected by arranging optical elements having a periodic construction by shifting toward an optical axis from an intermediate-image position. CONSTITUTION:A pupil conjugation connecting elements (device) 30 is constituted of eccentric Fresnel lenses 31, 32 divided into two sheets, correction lenses 33, 34 inserted between the Fresnel lenses 31 and 32. The center F1 of the eccentric Fresnel lenses 31 and 32 is made eccentric to the center F2 of correction lenses 33 and 34. When the eccentric Fresnel lenses 31 and 34 are arranged by shifting from an inter-mediate image 13 in this way, Fresnel fringes of eccentric Fresnel lenses 31 and 32 are made to be a defocus state to a projection lens 21 of a second projection lens system 20. Thus, the image of the fringes is never formed inside a projected image.

Nobutaka Minefuji

Papers

Pupil conjugate-coupling device in projecting optical system

Stereoscopic microscope including zoom and relay optical systems

Magnifying projecting lens

Apparatus for combining and projecting images

Pupil conjugation connecting device in projection optical system