VERY few veterinary surgeons have thought fit to write a book on diseases of poultry. Mr. Ernest Gray has done justice to the subject and is to be congratulated on his effort. A book of this size, written by one with specialized knowledge, will add to the value of any library or private bookshelf. Diseases of Poultry Their Aetiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Control; with a Section on the Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Fowl. By Ernest Gray. (Lockwood's Agricultural and Horticultural Handbooks.) Pp. x + 198 + 16 plates. (London: Crosby Lockwood and Son, Ltd., 1940.) 9s. 6d. net.

Diseases of Poultry

After the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) had voted to include the rank of phylum in the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), and following publication of the decision in the IJSEM, we here present names and formal descriptions of 42 phyla to effect valid publication of their names, based on genera as the nomenclatural types.

Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes.

A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, carbohydrate-fermenting, hydrogen-producing bacterium, designated strain RL-C-T, was isolated from a reed swamp in China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile rods measuring 0.7-1.0 mu m in width and 3.0-8.0 mu m in length. The optimum temperature for growth of strain RL-C-T was 37 degrees C (range 25-40 degrees C) and pH 7.0-7.5 (range pH 5.7-8.0). The strain could grow fermentatively on yeast extract, tryptone, arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, maltose, lactose, glycogen, pectin and starch. The main end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, H-2 and CO2. Organic acids, alcohols and amino acids were not utilized for growth. Yeast extract was not required for growth; however, it stimulated growth slightly. Nitrate, sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur and Fe(III) nitrilotriacetate were not reduced as terminal electron acceptors. Aesculin was hydrolysed but not gelatin. Indole and H2S were produced from yeast extract. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.2 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C-15:0, anteiso-C-(15:0) and C-16:0. The most abundant polar lipid of strain RL-C-T was phosphatidylethanolamine. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate belongs to the uncultured Blvii28 wastewater-sludge group (http://www.arb-silva.de/) in the family Rikenellaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and shared low sequence similarities with the related species Alistipes shahii WAL 8301(T) (81.8 %), Rikenella microfusus ATCC 29728(T) (81.7%) and Anaerocella delicata WN081(T) (80.9 %). On the basis of these data, a novel species in a new genus of the family Rikenellaceae is proposed, Acetobacteroides hydrogenigenes gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is RL-C-T (=JCM 17603(T)=DSM 24657(T)=CGMCC 1.5173(T)).

http://ir.qibebt.ac.cn/bitstream/337004/6284/1/Acetobacteroides%20hydrogenigenes%20gen.%20nov.%2c%20sp.%20nov.%2c%20an%20anaerobic%20hydrogen-producing%20bacteriu%20in%20the%20family%20Rikenellaceae%20isolated%20from%20a%20reed%20swamp.pdf

Acetobacteroides hydrogenigenes gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacterium in the family Rikenellaceae isolated from a reed swamp.

The bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes, characterized by a distinct gliding motility, occurs in a broad variety of ecosystems, habitats, life styles, and physiologies. Accordingly, taxonomic classification of the phylum, based on a limited number of features, proved difficult and controversial in the past, for example, when decisions were based on unresolved phylogenetic trees of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Here we use a large collection of type-strain genomes from Bacteroidetes and closely related phyla for assessing their taxonomy based on the principles of phylogenetic classification and trees inferred from genome-scale data. No significant conflict between 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome phylogenetic analysis is found, whereas many but not all of the involved taxa are supported as monophyletic groups, particularly in the genome-scale trees. Phenotypic and phylogenomic features support the separation of Balneolaceae as new phylum Balneolaeota from Rhodothermaeota and of Saprospiraceae as new class Saprospiria from Chitinophagia. Epilithonimonas is nested within the older genus Chryseobacterium and without significant phenotypic differences; thus merging the two genera is proposed. Similarly, Vitellibacter is proposed to be included in Aequorivita. Flexibacter is confirmed as being heterogeneous and dissected, yielding six distinct genera. Hallella seregens is a later heterotypic synonym of Prevotella dentalis. Compared to values directly calculated from genome sequences, the G+C content mentioned in many species descriptions is too imprecise; moreover, corrected G+C content values have a significantly better fit to the phylogeny. Corresponding emendations of species descriptions are provided where necessary. Whereas most observed conflict with the current classification of Bacteroidetes is already visible in 16S rRNA gene trees, as expected whole-genome phylogenies are much better resolved.

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Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes.

Three novel, facultatively anaerobic bacteria of the family Porphyromonadaceae (phylum Bacteroidetes) were isolated from mesophilic laboratory-scale biogas reactors. The strains were Gram-negative rods. Optimal growth occurred between 35 and 45 °C and at pH 7.1–7.8. The main fermentation products were acetic and propionic acids. The predominant fatty acid in all strains was anteiso-C15 : 0, and the only respiratory quinone detected was menaquinone MK-8. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that strains M3/6T and ING2-E5BT were most closely related to the type strain of Proteiniphilum acetatigenes, with sequence similarities of 97.3 and 94.5 %. Strain ING2-E5AT showed the closest affiliation to the type strain of Petrimonas sulfuriphila, with 97 % sequence identity. DNA–DNA hybridization of strain M3/6T and ING2-E5AT with the most closely related type strains showed 43.3–45.6 and 23.8–25.7 % relatedness, respectively, which supports the conclusion that both isolates represent novel species. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of cellular fatty acid patterns indicated that strain ING2-E5BT cannot be classified as a member of any previously described genus. Therefore, because of the physiological, genotypic and chemotaxonomic differences, it is proposed to designate novel species within the genera Proteiniphilum and Petrimonas, Proteiniphilum saccharofermentans sp. nov. (type strain M3/6T = DSM 28694T = CECT 8610T = LMG 28299T) and Petrimonas mucosa sp. nov. (type strain ING2-E5AT = DSM 28695T = CECT 8611T), and a novel species of a new genus, Fermentimonas caenicola gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain of Fermentimonas caenicola is ING2-E5BT = DSM 28696T = CECT 8609T = LMG 28429T). In addition, an emended description of the genus Proteiniphilum is provided.

Erratum to Description of Proteiniphilum saccharofermentans sp. nov., Petrimonas mucosa sp. nov. and Fermentimonas caenicola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from mesophilic laboratory-scale biogas reactors, and emended description of the genus Proteiniphilum.

Capitulo en el libro, Krieg, Noel R., et al. (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes. 2nd ed. New York: Springer ; [Athens, Ga.]: Bergey's Manual Trust, 2010(1984)

Noel R. Krieg

Papers

Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov.

Bacteroidetes phyl. nov.